{"id":52210,"date":"2019-11-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:53","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:53","slug":"v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii","title":{"rendered":"W OpenSSH dodano wsparcie dla uniwersalnej uwierzytelniania dwuetapowego","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

W kodzie \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142owym OpenSSH dodano<\/a><\/noindex> eksperymentalne wsparcie dla uwierzytelniania dwusk\u0142adnikowego z wykorzystaniem urz\u0105dze\u0144 obs\u0142uguj\u0105cych protok\u00f3\u0142 U2F<\/a><\/noindex>, rozwijanym przez alianse FIDO<\/a><\/noindex>. U2F umo\u017cliwia tworzenie niedrogich token\u00f3w sprz\u0119towych do potwierdzania fizycznej obecno\u015bci u\u017cytkownika, z kt\u00f3rymi interakcja odbywa si\u0119 przez USB, Bluetooth lub NFC. Takie urz\u0105dzenia s\u0105 promowane jako \u015brodek dwuetapowego uwierzytelniania na stronach internetowych, s\u0105 ju\u017c obs\u0142ugiwane przez g\u0142\u00f3wne przegl\u0105darki i produkowane przez r\u00f3\u017cnych producent\u00f3w, w tym Yubico, Feitian, Thetis i Kensington.<\/p>\n

Aby umo\u017cliwi\u0107 interakcj\u0119 z urz\u0105dzeniami potwierdzaj\u0105cymi obecno\u015b\u0107 u\u017cytkownika, OpenSSH wprowadzi\u0142 nowy typ kluczy 'sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com' ('ecdsa-sk'), kt\u00f3ry wykorzystuje algorytm podpisu cyfrowego ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) z krzyw\u0105 eliptyczn\u0105 NIST P-256 i hashem SHA-256. Procedury interakcji z tokenami zosta\u0142y przeniesione do po\u015bredniej biblioteki, kt\u00f3ra jest \u0142adowana analogicznie do biblioteki wspieraj\u0105cej PKCS#11 i stanowi nak\u0142adk\u0119 na bibliotek\u0119. libfido2<\/a><\/noindex>, kt\u00f3ra zapewnia \u015brodki komunikacji z tokenami przez USB (obs\u0142ugiwane s\u0105 protoko\u0142y FIDO U2F\/CTAP 1 i FIDO 2.0\/CTAP 2). Opracowana przez deweloper\u00f3w OpenSSH po\u015brednia biblioteka libsk-libfido2 wliczona<\/a><\/noindex> jest cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 libfido2, tak jak sterownik HID<\/a><\/noindex> dla OpenBSD.<\/p>\n

Aby w\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 U2F, mo\u017cna u\u017cy\u0107 \u015bwie\u017cego zrzutu kodu \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142owego z repozytorium<\/a><\/noindex> OpenSSH i ga\u0142\u0119zi HEAD biblioteki libfido2<\/a><\/noindex>, kt\u00f3ra ju\u017c zawiera potrzebn\u0105 do OpenSSH warstw\u0119.
\nLibfido2 wspiera dzia\u0142anie w OpenBSD, Linuxie, macOS i Windowsie. <\/p>\n

Aby przeprowadzi\u0107 uwierzytelnianie i generacj\u0119 klucza, nale\u017cy ustawi\u0107 zmienn\u0105 \u015brodowiskow\u0105 SSH_SK_PROVIDER, wskazuj\u0105c w niej \u015bcie\u017ck\u0119 do libsk-libfido2.so (export SSH_SK_PROVIDER=\/path\/to\/libsk-libfido2.so), lub zdefiniowa\u0107 bibliotek\u0119 poprzez ustawienia SecurityKeyProvider, a nast\u0119pnie uruchomi\u0107 'ssh-keygen -t ecdsa-sk' lub, je\u015bli klucze ju\u017c zosta\u0142y utworzone i skonfigurowane, po\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 si\u0119 z serwerem za pomoc\u0105 'ssh'. Podczas uruchamiania ssh-keygen, stworzona para kluczy zostanie zapisana w '~\/.ssh\/id_ecdsa_sk' i mo\u017ce by\u0107 u\u017cywana jak inne klucze. <\/p>\n

Publiczny klucz (id_ecdsa_sk.pub) nale\u017cy skopiowa\u0107 na serwer do pliku authorized_keys. Po stronie serwera sprawdzany jest jedynie podpis cyfrowy, natomiast interakcja z tokenami odbywa si\u0119 po stronie klienta (na serwerze nie trzeba instalowa\u0107 libsk-libfido2, ale serwer musi obs\u0142ugiwa\u0107 typ kluczy 'ecdsa-sk'). Wygenerowany klucz prywatny (id_ecdsa_sk) w zasadzie jest jedynie deskryptorem klucza, kt\u00f3ry tworzy rzeczywisty klucz tylko w po\u0142\u0105czeniu z tajnym ci\u0105giem znak\u00f3w przechowywanym po stronie tokena U2F.<\/p>\n

W przypadku przej\u0119cia klucza id_ecdsa_sk przez atakuj\u0105cego, do przeprowadzenia uwierzytelnienia b\u0119dzie r\u00f3wnie\u017c potrzebny dost\u0119p do sprz\u0119towego tokena, bez kt\u00f3rego zapisany w pliku id_ecdsa_sk klucz prywatny jest bezu\u017cyteczny. Ponadto, domy\u015blnie przy wykonywaniu jakichkolwiek operacji z kluczami (zar\u00f3wno przy generacji, jak i przy uwierzytelnieniu) wymagana jest lokalna weryfikacja fizycznej obecno\u015bci u\u017cytkownika, na przyk\u0142ad przez dotkni\u0119cie czujnika na tokenie, co utrudnia przeprowadzanie zdalnych atak\u00f3w na systemy z pod\u0142\u0105czonym tokenem. Jako dodatkowy poziom zabezpiecze\u0144, na etapie uruchamiania ssh-keygen mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c ustawi\u0107 has\u0142o do pliku z kluczem. <\/p>\n

Klucz U2F mo\u017ce by\u0107 dodany do ssh-agent za pomoc\u0105 'ssh-add ~\/.ssh\/id_ecdsa_sk', ale ssh-agent musi by\u0107 zbudowany z obs\u0142ug\u0105 kluczy 'ecdsa-sk', musi by\u0107 obecna warstwa libsk-libfido2, a agent musi dzia\u0142a\u0107 w systemie, do kt\u00f3rego pod\u0142\u0105czany jest token.
\nNowy typ kluczy 'ecdsa-sk' zosta\u0142 dodany, poniewa\u017c format kluczy ecdsa OpenSSH r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 od formatu U2F dla podpis\u00f3w cyfrowych ECDSA o dodatkowe pola.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 OpenSSH \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b U2F, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043c FIDO. U2F \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 USB, Bluetooth \u0438\u043b\u0438 NFC. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47W OpenSSH dodano wsparcie dla uniwersalnego uwierzytelniania dwuetapowego | ProHoster","description":"Do kodu \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142owego OpenSSH dodano eksperymentalne wsparcie dla uwierzytelniania dwuetapowego z wykorzystaniem.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pl_PL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412 OpenSSH \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 OpenSSH \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-11-02T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T10:59:53+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"52210","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 02:52:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 20:47:23","updated":"2026-01-24 02:52:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52210\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}