{"id":53040,"date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/yazykovye-sloi"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:54","slug":"yazykovye-sloi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi","title":{"rendered":"Warstwy j\u0119zykowe","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cze\u015b\u0107, Habr!<\/p>\n<p>Przedstawiam Pa\u0144stwu t\u0142umaczenie artyku\u0142u \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwFe2\">Warstwy j\u0119zykowe<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d autorstwa Roberta C. Martina (Wujka Boba).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Warstwy j\u0119zykowe\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/7443f8be2481982b85afe6f8368a9e81.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nSp\u0119dzam czas graj\u0105c w star\u0105 gr\u0119 \u201eLunar Lander\u201d z 1969 roku. Zosta\u0142a napisana przez Jima Store'a, ucznia szko\u0142y \u015bredniej. Napisa\u0142 j\u0105 na PDP-8 w j\u0119zyku FOCAL. Oto jak wygl\u0105da program: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Warstwy j\u0119zykowe\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/44821c373bf1285cf7085306e194cc14.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA oto kod \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142owy w FOCAL:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Warstwy j\u0119zykowe\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/bcde722861952deb2e7e8e3f7064c992.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJim Store by\u0142 do\u015b\u0107 utalentowanym uczniem szko\u0142y \u015bredniej. Sp\u00f3jrz na ten kod. Ma on do\u015b\u0107 interesuj\u0105ce wyra\u017cenia Taylora. <\/p>\n<p>Generalnie przeprowadzam wyszukiwanie binarne, aby okre\u015bli\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 K, kt\u00f3ra w ci\u0105gu kilku u\u017cy\u0107 idealnie wyl\u0105duje statkiem. Dlatego zmieni\u0142em program tak, aby akceptowa\u0142 tylko jedn\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107, a nast\u0119pnie stosowa\u0142 j\u0105 wielokrotnie, a\u017c statek wyl\u0105duje lub rozbije si\u0119. Pisz\u0105c to, wiem, \u017ce odpowied\u017a le\u017cy mi\u0119dzy 76.40625 a 76.4453125, a spr\u00f3buj\u0119 76.4257813. Zaczynam my\u015ble\u0107, \u017ce zabraknie mi czasu, zanim znajd\u0119 odpowied\u017a. <\/p>\n<p>W mi\u0119dzyczasie przysz\u0142o mi do g\u0142owy, \u017ce uruchomi\u0142em ten program na emulatorze <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGvr\">PDP-8<\/a><\/noindex>, kt\u00f3ry napisa\u0142em w Lua na iPada.<\/p>\n<p>No dobrze, pomy\u015blmy o tym.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>iPad ma chip <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGxH\">A8X<\/a><\/noindex>, z trzema rdzeniami dzia\u0142aj\u0105cymi na cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci oko\u0142o gigaherca.<\/li>\n<li>Lua jest napisany w C i kompilowany do A8X.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f3j emulator PDP8 napisany jest w Lua, u\u017cywaj\u0105c pakietu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGy4\">CODEA<\/a><\/noindex> z dzia\u0142u Two Lives Left.<\/li>\n<li>FOCAL zosta\u0142 napisany pod koniec lat 60-tych na PDP8.<\/li>\n<li>Lunar Lander zosta\u0142 napisany w FOCAL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA wi\u0119c mamy A8X, C, Lua, PDP8 i FOCAL. To pi\u0119\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cnych j\u0119zyk\u00f3w. Pi\u0119\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cnych mechanizm\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re m\u00f3wi\u0105 maszynie, co robi\u0107; wszystkie one s\u0105 na\u0142o\u017cone na siebie! <\/p>\n<p>Co to oznacza? Dlaczego jest tak wiele j\u0119zyk\u00f3w? Tak naprawd\u0119, zapomnij o iPadzie, PDP-8, C, Lua i wszystkim innym. Dlaczego jest tak wiele j\u0119zyk\u00f3w? <\/p>\n<p>##\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432? <\/p>\n<p>Pomy\u015bl o tym! Ile j\u0119zyk\u00f3w programowania mo\u017cesz wymieni\u0107? Pozw\u00f3l, \u017ce dam ci ma\u0142\u0105 list\u0119:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> FORTRAN<\/li>\n<li> ALGOL<\/li>\n<li> COBOL<\/li>\n<li> SNOBOL<\/li>\n<li> LISP<\/li>\n<li> BCPL<\/li>\n<li> B<\/li>\n<li> C<\/li>\n<li> SIMULA<\/li>\n<li> SMALLTALK<\/li>\n<li> EIFFEL<\/li>\n<li> C++<\/li>\n<li> JAVA<\/li>\n<li> C#<\/li>\n<li> PYTHON<\/li>\n<li> RUBY<\/li>\n<li> LOGO<\/li>\n<li> LUA<\/li>\n<li> BASIC<\/li>\n<li> PL\/1<\/li>\n<li> JAVASCRIPT<\/li>\n<li> GO<\/li>\n<li> DART<\/li>\n<li> PROLOG<\/li>\n<li> FORTH<\/li>\n<li> SWIFT<\/li>\n<li> - wsparcie.<\/li>\n<li> OCCAM<\/li>\n<li> OCAML<\/li>\n<li> ADA<\/li>\n<li> ERLANG<\/li>\n<li> ELIXIR<\/li>\n<li> FOCAL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nOczywi\u015bcie mo\u017cesz pomy\u015ble\u0107 o innych, o kt\u00f3rych nie wspomnia\u0142em. Pytanie brzmi, dlaczego jest ich tak wiele? Na to pytanie naprawd\u0119 mo\u017ce by\u0107 tylko jedna odpowied\u017a. Powodem istnienia tak wielu j\u0119zyk\u00f3w komputerowych jest: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Nie podobaj\u0105 nam si\u0119.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nC\u00f3\u017c, mo\u017ce to za mocne stwierdzenie. Mo\u017ce powinienem powiedzie\u0107: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Byli\u015bmy w Hollywood.<br \/>\n Byli\u015bmy w Redwoods.<br \/>\n Przekroczyli\u015bmy ocean dla z\u0142otego kodu.<br \/>\n Byli\u015bmy w swoim umy\u015ble,<br \/>\n To taka cienka granica.<br \/>\n To sprawia, \u017ce szukamy z\u0142otego kodu.<\/p>\n<p> A my si\u0119 starzejemy.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Mo\u017ce powinienem m\u00f3wi\u0107 za siebie\u2026 Czy naprawd\u0119 nie chcia\u0142e\u015b po prostu krzykn\u0105\u0107 na Neila Younga, \u017ceby przesta\u0142 narzeka\u0107, znalaz\u0142 jak\u0105\u015b urokliw\u0105 dziewczyn\u0119 i z ni\u0105 zamieszka\u0142? Czy nie chcia\u0142by\u015b mu powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce poszukiwanie z\u0142otego serca by\u0142o bezsensowne? Powiedz, co by z nim zrobi\u0142, gdyby go znalaz\u0142? <\/p>\n<p>A co by\u015bmy zrobili z idealnym j\u0119zykiem, gdyby\u015bmy go znale\u017ali?<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Stworzyli\u015bmy emulatory PDP-8 i FOCAL, aby zagra\u0107 w \u00bbLunar Lander\u00ab, napisan\u0105 przez ucznia szko\u0142y \u015bredniej w 1969 roku!<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <b>Oto co my\u015bl\u0119.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pog\u00f3d\u017a si\u0119 z tym. Przesta\u0144 szuka\u0107. Nie ma idealnego j\u0119zyka. Szukali\u015bmy wsz\u0119dzie. Patrzyli\u015bmy od g\u00f3ry do do\u0142u. Przygl\u0105dali\u015bmy si\u0119 wewn\u0105trz i na zewn\u0105trz.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Spojrzeli\u015bmy na j\u0119zyki z obu stron.<br \/>\n Od wewn\u0105trz i na zewn\u0105trz<br \/>\n i wci\u0105\u017c tak czy inaczej.<br \/>\n Pami\u0119tamy, \u017ce to iluzje j\u0119zykowe.<\/p>\n<p>Tak naprawd\u0119 nic nie rozumiemy o j\u0119zykach\u2026<br \/>\n\u2026 zupe\u0142nie.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Tak, dzisiaj jest dziwny dzie\u0144.<\/p>\n<p>Jednak sednem jest to:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Nie potrzebujemy innego j\u0119zyka.<br \/>\n Nie musimy wiedzie\u0107, jak wr\u00f3ci\u0107 do domu.<br \/>\n Wszystko, czego chcemy, to wyj\u015b\u0107 poza \u017cycie.<br \/>\n S.Q.L.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Tak, dziwny dzie\u0144.<\/p>\n<p>Wi\u0119c jest jedna my\u015bl. Mo\u017ce powinni\u015bmy przesta\u0107 tworzy\u0107 nowe j\u0119zyki i po prostu si\u0119 uspokoi\u0107 i wybra\u0107 jeden lub dwa, kt\u00f3re naprawd\u0119 s\u0105 dobre. To znacznie u\u0142atwi \u017cycie, prawda?<\/p>\n<p>A je\u015bli ci\u0119 to interesuje, 76.43844461 daje ci ca\u0142kiem dobre l\u0105dowanie przy 2.23 MPH.<br \/>\n<br \/>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/476644\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob). \u042f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443 \u00abLunar Lander\u00bb 1969 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 PDP-8 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 FOCAL. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: \u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 FOCAL: \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-21T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:00:54+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Warstwy j\u0119zykowe | ProHoster","description":"Cze\u015b\u0107, Habr! 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