{"id":54886,"date":"2020-01-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-05T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/effekt-kuleshova-v-disco-elysium-kak-kontekst-sozdaet-smysl"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:56","slug":"effekt-kuleshova-v-disco-elysium-kak-kontekst-sozdaet-smysl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/effekt-kuleshova-v-disco-elysium-kak-kontekst-sozdaet-smysl","title":{"rendered":"Efekt Kuleszowa w Disco Elysium: jak kontekst tworzy sens","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Efekt Kuleszowa w Disco Elysium: jak kontekst tworzy sens\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f59bff047aa3bcf3ff8b50c7f9e68158.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZanim przejdziemy do Disco Elysium, cofnijmy si\u0119 o 100 lat. W latach 10. i 20. XX wieku Lew Kuleszow pokaza\u0142 efekt monta\u017cu filmowego \u2014 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od zestawienia dw\u00f3ch klatek obok siebie pojawia si\u0119 nowe znaczenie. Kuleszow nakr\u0119ci\u0142 zbli\u017cenie twarzy aktora, a nast\u0119pnie trzy kolejne klatki: talerz zupy, dziewczynk\u0119 w trumnie i dziewczyn\u0119 na kanapie.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nW zale\u017cno\u015bci od tego, jak\u0105 par\u0119 klatek pokazywano widzom, zmienia\u0142o si\u0119 tak\u017ce ich postrzeganie. Widzowie my\u015bleli, \u017ce m\u0119\u017cczyzna jest g\u0142odny (talerz zupy), smutny (dziewczynka w trumnie) lub zachwycony (kobieta). W rzeczywisto\u015bci jednak wyraz twarzy m\u0119\u017cczyzny w ka\u017cdym przypadku by\u0142 taki sam, tylko pierwsze uj\u0119cie si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cni\u0142o. Efekt psychologiczny, znany jako efekt Kuleszowa, pokazuje, jak tre\u015b\u0107 wp\u0142ywa na wydobywane znaczenie.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"_gGl3LJ7vHc\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/_gGl3LJ7vHc\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Odtwarzaj wideo\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\nEfekt Kuleszowa pojawia si\u0119 w rozbudowanych narracjach gier i s\u0142u\u017cy dw\u00f3m celom: po pierwsze, aby uczyni\u0107 wyb\u00f3r imponuj\u0105cym, a po drugie, aby ograniczy\u0107 fabu\u0142\u0119. <\/p>\n<p>Przyk\u0142ad. Posta\u0107 zdradzi g\u0142\u00f3wnego bohatera w okre\u015blonym momencie fabu\u0142y. Gracz mo\u017ce podj\u0105\u0107 wyb\u00f3r, kt\u00f3ry wp\u0142ynie na jego relacje z t\u0105 postaci\u0105:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201eDobrze\u201d: gracz mu pomaga, a posta\u0107 reaguje przyja\u017anie. Kiedy dochodzi do zdrady, ta posta\u0107 staje si\u0119 intrygantem-manipulatorem. <\/li>\n<li>\u201e\u0179le\u201d. Gracz mu szkodzi, a posta\u0107 si\u0119 dystansuje. Jak posta\u0107 jest postrzegana w takim przypadku? Jest oczekiwanym zdrajc\u0105.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAby ograniczy\u0107 fabu\u0142\u0119, w efekcie Kuleszowa wyb\u00f3r gracza mo\u017cna sklasyfikowa\u0107 jako kontekstowy \u201estrza\u0142\u201d (pierwszy \u201estrza\u0142\u201d = talerz zupy). Zdrada jest \u201estrza\u0142em\u201d interpretowanym w kontek\u015bcie (drugi \u201estrza\u0142\u201d = twarz m\u0119\u017cczyzny). Gracz ma swobod\u0119 dzia\u0142ania przy pierwszym, ale nie przy drugim. To pomaga nam podejmowa\u0107 decyzje o tym, jaki wyb\u00f3r mo\u017ce dokona\u0107 gracz. Na przyk\u0142ad, nie mo\u017ce by\u0107 wyboru, aby zabi\u0107 zdrajc\u0119, poniewa\u017c drugi \u201estrza\u0142\u201d wymaga, aby by\u0142 on \u017cywy. To ogranicza wp\u0142yw, jaki gracz mo\u017ce mie\u0107 na fabu\u0142\u0119, jednocze\u015bnie daj\u0105c mu mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 odkrywania w\u0142asnej historii.<\/p>\n<p>A teraz wr\u00f3\u0107my do Disco Elysium. To RPG, wi\u0119c jak ka\u017cde inne, ma statystyki postaci. To nie s\u0105 typowe dla Ciebie parametry D&amp;D, takie jak si\u0142a, m\u0105dro\u015b\u0107, charyzma itd. Statystyki w Disco Elysium to empatia, encyklopedia i autorytet. Im wi\u0119cej punkt\u00f3w gracz wk\u0142ada w te umiej\u0119tno\u015bci, tym lepsza staje si\u0119 posta\u0107 w nich i tym silniej na ni\u0105 wp\u0142ywaj\u0105. Je\u015bli nie gra\u0142e\u015b, mo\u017cesz zapyta\u0107: \u201eJak posta\u0107 gracza mo\u017ce by\u0107 dotkni\u0119ta empati\u0105?\u201d. Odpowied\u017a: zwi\u0105zki.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Efekt Kuleszowa w Disco Elysium: jak kontekst tworzy sens\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f88e0535a9dcc8a8fee1369b5e3eabcc.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZwi\u0105zki to linie dialogowe, kt\u00f3re wp\u0142ywaj\u0105 na statystyki twojej postaci. Na przyk\u0142ad, je\u015bli posta\u0107 ma wysok\u0105 empati\u0119, to pojawi si\u0119 ona w rozmowie jak: \u201eStara si\u0119 nie pokazywa\u0107, ale denerwuje go trup na tylnym podw\u00f3rku\u201d. Nast\u0119pnie, kiedy gracz otrzymuje opcje odpowiedzi w dialogu, ocenia je na podstawie tego wskazania empatii. Najzabawniejsze momenty w grze maj\u0105 miejsce, gdy dwie cechy oferuj\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne opcje dzia\u0142ania. Na przyk\u0142ad, je\u015bli empatia sugeruje, by wsp\u00f3\u0142czu\u0107, poniewa\u017c posta\u0107 jest na skraju za\u0142amania, to autorytet radzi, by jeszcze bardziej go do tego popchn\u0105\u0107.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Efekt Kuleszowa w Disco Elysium: jak kontekst tworzy sens\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c1b8ed5cf8b32a9affd4e158e9b0fa2d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDlaczego wyb\u00f3r w Disco Elysium jest zdecydowanie bardziej przekonuj\u0105cy ni\u017c w przypadku zdrady wymienionej powy\u017cej? W pierwszym przyk\u0142adzie wyb\u00f3r gracza obejmuje kontekstowy \u201estrza\u0142\u201d. Nieuchronna zdrada to \u201estrza\u0142\u201d, interpretowany w kontek\u015bcie. W Disco Elysium jako kontekstowy \u201estrza\u0142\u201d wyst\u0119puj\u0105 zwi\u0105zki, tak \u017ce wyb\u00f3r dialogowy mo\u017ce by\u0107 \u201estrza\u0142em\u201d, interpretowanym jako \u201eprzysz\u0142y strza\u0142\u201d. Wyb\u00f3r gracza przestaje by\u0107 kontekstem. Efektem tego jest to, \u017ce dzia\u0142anie w kontek\u015bcie tworzy sens.<\/p>\n<p>Zwi\u0105zki to efekt Kuleszowa na mikro poziomie. Opcje dialogowe, kt\u00f3re uzyskuje gracz, maj\u0105 sw\u00f3j kontekst pod wp\u0142ywem cech jego postaci. Efekt Kuleszowa tym razem to nie tylko spostrze\u017cenie \u2014 gracz mo\u017ce dzia\u0142a\u0107 zgodnie z nim.<br \/>\n<br \/>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/483004\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a Disco Elysium, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 100 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434. \u0412 1910-\u0435 \u0438 20-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430 \u2014 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b. \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0435 3 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430: \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a Disco.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/effekt-kuleshova-v-disco-elysium-kak-kontekst-sozdaet-smysl\" 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