{"id":82929,"date":"2020-05-26T19:42:01","date_gmt":"2020-05-26T17:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range"},"modified":"2020-05-26T19:42:01","modified_gmt":"2020-05-26T17:42:01","slug":"rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range","title":{"rendered":"RangeAmp \u2014 seria atak\u00f3w na CDN, manipuluj\u0105ca nag\u0142\u00f3wkiem HTTP Range","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Grupa badaczy z Uniwersytetu Peki\u0144skiego, Uniwersytetu Tsinghua i Uniwersytetu Teksa\u0144skiego w Dallas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.liubaojun.org\/uploads\/1\/1\/8\/3\/118316462\/dsn_2020.pdf\">ujawnili<\/a><\/noindex> now\u0105 klas\u0119 atak\u00f3w DoS \u2014 RangeAmp, opart\u0105 na wykorzystaniu nag\u0142\u00f3wka HTTP <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7233\">Range<\/a><\/noindex> do organizowania wzmocnienia ruchu przez sieci dostarczania tre\u015bci (CDN). Istota metody polega na tym, \u017ce z powodu specyfiki przetwarzania nag\u0142\u00f3wk\u00f3w Range w wielu CDN atakuj\u0105cy mo\u017ce za\u017c\u0105da\u0107 przez CDN jednego bajta z du\u017cego pliku, ale CDN pobierze z serwera docelowego ca\u0142y plik lub znacznie wi\u0119kszy blok danych do umieszczenia w pami\u0119ci podr\u0119cznej. Stopie\u0144 wzmocnienia ruchu w takim ataku, w zale\u017cno\u015bci od CDN, wynosi od 724 do 43330 razy, co mo\u017ce by\u0107 wykorzystywane do przeci\u0105\u017cania ruchu przychodz\u0105cego CDN lub zmniejszenia przepustowo\u015bci ko\u0144cowego kana\u0142u komunikacyjnego do witryny ofiary.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RangeAmp - seria atak\u00f3w na CDN, manipuluj\u0105ca nag\u0142\u00f3wkiem HTTP Range\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/45a7b48e01885f8ae50c3549e3293b12.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Nag\u0142\u00f3wek Range daje klientowi mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 okre\u015blenia zakresu pozycji w pliku, kt\u00f3re powinny zosta\u0107 pobrane zamiast dostarczania pe\u0142nego pliku. Na przyk\u0142ad, klient mo\u017ce wskaza\u0107 \u201eRange: bytes=0-1023\u201d, a serwer przeka\u017ce tylko pierwsze 1024 bajty danych. Tego rodzaju mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 jest po\u017c\u0105dana przy pobieraniu du\u017cych plik\u00f3w \u2014 u\u017cytkownik mo\u017ce wstrzyma\u0107 pobieranie, a nast\u0119pnie kontynuowa\u0107 je z przerwanej pozycji. Przy wskazywaniu \u201ebytes=0-0\u201d standard nakazuje przekazywa\u0107 pierwszy bajt w pliku, \u201ebytes=-1\u201d \u2014 ostatni, \u201ebytes=1-\u201d \u2014 zaczynaj\u0105c od 1 bajta a\u017c do ko\u0144ca pliku. Dozwolone jest przesy\u0142anie kilku zakres\u00f3w w jednym nag\u0142\u00f3wku, na przyk\u0142ad \u201eRange: bytes=0-1023,8192-10240\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Dodatkowo zaproponowano drugi wariant ataku, maj\u0105cy na celu zwi\u0119kszenie obci\u0105\u017cenia sieciowego przy przepuszczaniu ruchu przez kolejny CDN, kt\u00f3ry jest u\u017cywany jako proxy (na przyk\u0142ad, gdy jako front-end (FCDN) dzia\u0142a Cloudflare, a backend (BCDN) \u2014 Akamai). Metoda przypomina pierwszy atak, ale lokalizuje si\u0119 wewn\u0105trz sieci CDN i pozwala wzmocni\u0107 ruch przy odwo\u0142aniach przez inne CDN, zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105c obci\u0105\u017cenie infrastruktury i obni\u017caj\u0105c jako\u015b\u0107 us\u0142ugi.  <\/p>\n<p>Ide\u0105 jest to, \u017ce atakuj\u0105cy kieruje w CDN zapytania Range do kilku zakres\u00f3w, takich jak \u201ebytes=0-,0-,0-\u2026\u201d, \u201ebytes=1-,0-,0-\u2026\u201d lub \u201ebytes=-1024,0-,0-\u2026\u201d. Zapytania zawieraj\u0105 du\u017c\u0105 liczb\u0119 zakres\u00f3w \u201e0-\u201d, co oznacza wydanie pliku od pozycji zerowej do ko\u0144ca. Z powodu niew\u0142a\u015bciwej implementacji analizy zakres\u00f3w przy przekazywaniu przez pierwszy CDN do drugiego, dla ka\u017cdego zakresu \u201e0-\u201d zwracany jest pe\u0142ny plik (zakresy nie s\u0105 agregowane, lecz s\u0105 przetwarzane sekwencyjnie), je\u015bli w pierwotnie wys\u0142anym przez atakuj\u0105cego \u017c\u0105daniu wyst\u0119puje duplikacja i nak\u0142adanie si\u0119 zakres\u00f3w. Stopie\u0144 wzmocnienia ruchu w takim ataku wynosi od 53 do 7432 razy.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RangeAmp - seria atak\u00f3w na CDN, manipuluj\u0105ca nag\u0142\u00f3wkiem HTTP Range\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/981161394221a0548a04ec5961081c27.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>W trakcie badania zbadano zachowanie 13 CDN \u2013<br \/>\nAkamai, Alibaba Cloud, Azure, CDN77, CDNsun, Cloudflare, CloudFront, Fastly, G-Core Labs, Huawei Cloud, KeyCDN, StackPath i Tencent Cloud. Wszystkie rozwa\u017cane CDN zezwala\u0142y na pierwszy rodzaj ataku na serwer ko\u0144cowy. Drugi rodzaj ataku na CDN dotkn\u0105\u0142 6 us\u0142ug, z kt\u00f3rych cztery mog\u0105 pe\u0142ni\u0107 rol\u0119 front-endu (CDN77, CDNsun, Cloudflare i StackPath), a trzy w roli back-endu (Akamai, Azure i StackPath). Najwi\u0119ksze wzmocnienie osi\u0105ga si\u0119 w Akamai i StackPath, kt\u00f3re pozwalaj\u0105 na okre\u015blenie w nag\u0142\u00f3wku Range wi\u0119cej ni\u017c 10 tysi\u0119cy zakres\u00f3w. W\u0142a\u015bciciele CDN zostali powiadomieni o lukach bezpiecze\u0144stwa oko\u0142o 7 miesi\u0119cy temu i do momentu publicznego ujawnienia informacji 12 z 13 CDN usun\u0119\u0142o wykryte problemy lub wyrazi\u0142o gotowo\u015b\u0107 do ich usuni\u0119cia (tylko us\u0142uga StackPath nie zareagowa\u0142a).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53026\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0426\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0443\u0430 \u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 DoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a &#8212; RangeAmp, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 Range \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 (CDN). \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 Range-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 CDN \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 CDN \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":82930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0426\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0443\u0430 \u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0435\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47RangeAmp \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 CDN, \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u043c Range | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0426\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0443\u0430 \u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0435\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-26T17:42:01+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-26T17:42:01+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47RangeAmp \u2014 seria atak na CDN, manipuluj\u0105ca nag\u0142\u00f3wkiem HTTP Range | ProHoster","description":"Grupa badawcza z Uniwersytetu Peki\u0144skiego, Uniwersytetu Tsinghua i Uniwersytetu Teksa\u0144skiego w Dallas","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pl_PL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47RangeAmp \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 CDN, \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u043c Range | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0426\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0443\u0430 \u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0435","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-05-26T17:42:01+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-05-26T17:42:01+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"82929","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 15:28:37","updated":"2022-10-02 22:54:20","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82929"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82929\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}