{"id":90050,"date":"2020-07-28T13:42:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:42:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn"},"modified":"2020-07-28T13:42:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:42:44","slug":"google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn","title":{"rendered":"Google rozpocz\u0105\u0142 wprowadzanie modelu strumieni M:N.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Firma Google zaprezentowa\u0142a<\/a><\/noindex> do w\u0142\u0105czenia w j\u0105dro Linux pierwszy zestaw poprawek implementuj\u0105cych komponenty potrzebne do dzia\u0142ania modelu w\u0105tk\u00f3w M:N. Inicjatywa Google wi\u0105\u017ce si\u0119 z otwarciem rozwijanego za zamkni\u0119tymi drzwiami API SwitchTo<\/a><\/noindex> dla j\u0105dra Linux, zapewniaj\u0105cego dzia\u0142anie zaimplementowanej w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika wielow\u0105tkowej podsystemu, stosuj\u0105cej model w\u0105tk\u00f3w M:N. Podsystem jest u\u017cywany w Google do \u015bwiadczenia us\u0142ug wymagaj\u0105cych minimalnych op\u00f3\u017anie\u0144. Planowanie i zarz\u0105dzanie przydzielaniem w\u0105tk\u00f3w odbywa si\u0119 ca\u0142kowicie w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika, co pozwala znacznie zredukowa\u0107 liczb\u0119 operacji prze\u0142\u0105czania kontekstu dzi\u0119ki minimalizacji wywo\u0142a\u0144 systemowych.<\/p>\n

Aby zapewni\u0107 funkcjonowanie wskazanej podsystemu na poziomie j\u0105dra Linux, zrealizowano API SwitchTo, oferuj\u0105ce trzy podstawowe operacje \u2014 wait, resume i swap (prze\u0142\u0105czanie). W celu w\u0142\u0105czenia do j\u0105dra zaproponowano kod nowej operacji FUTEX_SWAP, kt\u00f3ra uzupe\u0142nia FUTEX_WAIT i FUTEX_WAKE<\/a><\/noindex>, i stanowi\u0105cej podstaw\u0119 do tworzenia wielow\u0105tkowych bibliotek w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika. FUTEX_SWAP mo\u017ce by\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c u\u017cywany do przesy\u0142ania wiadomo\u015bci mi\u0119dzy zadaniami, analogicznie do RPC. Na przyk\u0142ad obecnie do przes\u0142ania wiadomo\u015bci mi\u0119dzy zadaniami konieczne jest wykonanie co najmniej czterech wywo\u0142a\u0144 FUTEX_WAIT i FUTEX_WAKE, natomiast u\u017cycie FUTEX_SWAP umo\u017cliwi realizacj\u0119 jednej operacji, kt\u00f3ra zostanie wykonana 5-10 razy szybciej.<\/p>\n

\"Google<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Obecnie w praktyce stosowane s\u0105 g\u0142\u00f3wnie modele w\u0105tk\u00f3w 1:1 i N:1. Model 1:1 jest u\u017cywany w NPTL<\/a><\/noindex> (w\u0105tki POSIX) i LinuxThreads<\/a><\/noindex>, i oznacza bezpo\u015brednie odwzorowanie w\u0105tku w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika na w\u0105tek (jednostk\u0119 planowania wykonania) na poziomie j\u0105dra. Model N:1 jest zaimplementowany w GNU Pth<\/a><\/noindex>, przenosz\u0105cym dyspozycj\u0119 w\u0105tk\u00f3w do przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika i pozwalaj\u0105cym N w\u0105tkom w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika przypisa\u0107 si\u0119 do jednego w\u0105tku w j\u0105drze, przy czym j\u0105dro nie ma informacji o w\u0105tkach u\u017cytkownika.<\/p>\n

G\u0142\u00f3wn\u0105 wad\u0105 modelu 1:1 s\u0105 du\u017ce koszty zwi\u0105zane z prze\u0142\u0105czaniem kontekstu mi\u0119dzy j\u0105drem a przestrzeni\u0105 u\u017cytkownika. Model N:1 rozwi\u0105zuje ten problem, ale stwarza nowy \u2014 poniewa\u017c w j\u0105drze w\u0105tek jest niepodzieln\u0105 jednostk\u0105 harmonogramowania, w\u0105tki u\u017cytkownika przypisane do jednego w\u0105tku w j\u0105drze systemu operacyjnego nie mog\u0105 skalowa\u0107 si\u0119 na rdzenia CPU i pozostaj\u0105 przypisane do jednego rdzenia CPU.<\/p>\n

Model M:N jest hybrydowy i eliminuje wszystkie wy\u017cej wymienione wady dzi\u0119ki przyporz\u0105dkowaniu N strumieni w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika do M strumieni w j\u0105drze OS, co pozwala zar\u00f3wno na zmniejszenie koszt\u00f3w prze\u0142\u0105czania kontekstu, jak i zapewnienie skalowalno\u015bci na rdzeniach CPU. Cennikiem tego rozwi\u0105zania jest znaczne skomplikowanie implementacji planisty strumieni w przestrzeni u\u017cytkownika oraz konieczno\u015b\u0107 mechanizm\u00f3w synchronizacji dzia\u0142a\u0144 z planist\u0105 j\u0105dra.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Odtwarzaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 M:N. \u0418\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Google \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438 API SwitchTo \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 M:N. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 Google \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":90051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Google rozpocz\u0105\u0142 otwarcie realizacji modelu strumieni M:N | ProHoster","description":"Firma Google zaproponowa\u0142a do w\u0142\u0105czenia do j\u0105dra Linux pierwszy zestaw 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