{"id":94658,"date":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati"},"modified":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","slug":"red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pl\/blog\/news\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat rozwija nowy system plik\u00f3w NVFS, efektywny w przypadku pami\u0119ci NVM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, jeden z tw\u00f3rc\u00f3w LVM i autor wielu vyn\u00e1lez\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>, spojen\u00fdch s optimalizac\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v spole\u010dnosti Red Hat, przedstawi\u0142<\/a><\/noindex> na mailing listu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f j\u00e1dra Linux novou souborovou syst\u00e9m NVFS<\/a><\/noindex>, zam\u011b\u0159enou na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kompaktn\u00ed a rychl\u00e9 FS pro \u010dipy s energiemi nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 pam\u011bti (NVM, non-volatile memory, nap\u0159\u00edklad NVDIMM), kombinuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkon RAM s mo\u017enost\u00ed trval\u00e9ho ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu. <\/p>\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdvoji NVFS byl zohledn\u011bn zku\u0161enost FS NOVA<\/a><\/noindex>, vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v roce 2017 speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro pam\u011b\u0165 NVM, ale nebylo p\u0159ijato do j\u00e1dra Linux a ograniczon\u0105<\/a><\/noindex> podporou jader Linux od 4.13 do 5.1.
\nNavr\u017een\u00e1 FS NVFS je mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e NOVA (4972 \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f k\u00f3du oproti 21459), poskytuje n\u00e1stroj fsck, m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, podporuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 atributy (xattrs), bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed zna\u010dky, ACL a kv\u00f3ty, ale nepodporuje sn\u00edmky. Architektura<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS je bl\u00edzk\u00e1
\nFS Ext4 a dob\u0159e zapad\u00e1 do modelu souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na subsyst\u00e9mu VFS, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje minimalizovat po\u010det vrstev a obej\u00edt se s modulem, kter\u00fd nevy\u017eaduje opravy j\u00e1dra.<\/p>\n

NVFS pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 j\u00e1drov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed DAX<\/a><\/noindex> pro p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm s trvalou pam\u011bt\u00ed bez str\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho cache. Pro optimalizaci pr\u00e1ce s pam\u011bt\u00ed NVM, kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 byte-addressing, je obsah \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b mapov\u00e1n do linearizovan\u00e9ho adresn\u00edho prostoru j\u00e1dra bez pou\u017eit\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edho \u00farovn\u011b blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a mezipam\u011bti. Pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 radix tree,<\/a><\/noindex> ve kter\u00e9m je ka\u017ed\u00e9 jm\u00e9no souboru hashe a hodnota hashe se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v strom\u011b.<\/p>\n

Integralno\u015b\u0107 danych zapewniana jest za pomoc\u0105 mechanizmu \u201esoft updates<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d (jak w UFS z FreeBSD i w FFS z OpenBSD) bez stosowania journalingu. Aby unikn\u0105\u0107 uszkodzenia plik\u00f3w w NVFS, operacje zmiany danych grupowane s\u0105 w taki spos\u00f3b, \u017ce awaria nie mo\u017ce prowadzi\u0107 do utraty blok\u00f3w lub inode, a integralno\u015b\u0107 struktur przywracana jest za pomoc\u0105 narz\u0119dzia fsck. Narz\u0119dzie fsck dzia\u0142a w trybie wielow\u0105tkowym i zapewnia wydajno\u015b\u0107 na poziomie przeszukiwania 1,6 mln inode w sekund\u0119.<\/p>\n

W testech v\u00fdkonu<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS przeprowadzi\u0142a kopiowanie drzewa z oryginalnymi tekstami j\u0105dra Linux w pami\u0119ci NVM oko\u0142o 10% szybciej ni\u017c NOVA, 30% szybciej ni\u017c ext4 i 37% szybciej ni\u017c XFS. W te\u015bcie wyszukiwania danych system plik\u00f3w NVFS by\u0142 szybszy od NOVA o 3%, a od ext4 i XFS o 15% (jednak przy aktywnym buforze dyskowym NOVA okaza\u0142a si\u0119 wolniejsza o 15%).
\nW te\u015bcie milion operacji z katalogami NVFS wyprzedzi\u0142 NOVA o 40%, ext4 o 22%, a XFS o 46%. Przy symulacji aktywno\u015bci bazy danych system plik\u00f3w NVFS wyprzedzi\u0142 NOVA o 20%, ext4 18 razy, a XFS 5 razy. W te\u015bcie fs_mark wyniki NVFS i NOVA by\u0142y na zbli\u017conym poziomie, a ext4 i XFS by\u0142y wolniejsze \u015brednio trzy razy.<\/p>\n

Op\u00f3\u017anienia tradycyjnych system\u00f3w plik\u00f3w w pami\u0119ci NVM wynikaj\u0105 z tego, \u017ce nie s\u0105 one przystosowane do adresowania bajtowego stosowanego w pami\u0119ci nieulotnej, kt\u00f3ra wygl\u0105da jak zwyk\u0142a pami\u0119\u0107 RAM. Odczyt z tradycyjnych no\u015bnik\u00f3w zapewnia atomowo\u015b\u0107 operacji na poziomie odczytu\/zapisu sektora, podczas gdy pami\u0119\u0107 NVM zapewnia dost\u0119p na poziomie pojedynczych s\u0142\u00f3w maszynowych. Ponadto tradycyjne systemy plik\u00f3w pr\u00f3buj\u0105 zmniejszy\u0107 intensywno\u015b\u0107 dost\u0119pu do no\u015bnika, kt\u00f3ry traktowany jest jako z definicji wolniejszy ni\u017c pami\u0119\u0107 operacyjna, a tak\u017ce staraj\u0105 si\u0119 grupowa\u0107 operacje, aby zapewni\u0107 sekwencyjny odczyt przy u\u017cyciu dysk\u00f3w twardych, zarz\u0105dza\u0107 kolejkami \u017c\u0105da\u0144, walczy\u0107 z fragmentacj\u0105 i oddziela\u0107 priorytety wykonywania r\u00f3\u017cnych operacji. Dla pami\u0119ci NVM takie komplikacje s\u0105 zb\u0119dne, poniewa\u017c pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 dost\u0119pu do danych jest por\u00f3wnywalna z RAM, a kolejno\u015b\u0107 dost\u0119pu nie ma znaczenia.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 (Mikuláš Patočka), \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 LVM \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Red Hat, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 NVFS, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (NVM, non-volatile memory, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 NVDIMM), \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Red Hat rozwija nowy system plik\u00f3w NVFS, efektywny dla pami\u0119ci NVM | ProHoster","description":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, jeden z tw\u00f3rc\u00f3w LVM i autor licznych wynalazk\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z 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