{"id":100285,"date":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9"},"modified":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do filtro de pacotes nftables 0.9.9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Foi publicado o lan\u00e7amento do filtro de pacotes nftables 0.9.9, unificando as interfaces de filtragem de pacotes para IPv4, IPv6, ARP e pontes de rede (destinado a substituir iptables, ip6table, arptables e ebtables). Simultaneamente, foi liberada a vers\u00e3o da biblioteca auxiliar libnftnl 1.2.0, que fornece uma API de baixo n\u00edvel para intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o subsistema nf_tables. As altera\u00e7\u00f5es necess\u00e1rias para opera\u00e7\u00e3o do nftables 0.9.9 est\u00e3o inclu\u00eddas no n\u00facleo do Linux 5.13-rc1.          <\/p>\n<p>O pacote nftables inclui componentes do filtro de pacotes que operam no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, enquanto a funcionalidade no n\u00edvel do n\u00facleo \u00e9 assegurada pelo subsistema nf_tables, que faz parte do n\u00facleo do Linux a partir da vers\u00e3o 3.13. No n\u00edvel do n\u00facleo, \u00e9 fornecida apenas uma interface geral, independente de protocolo espec\u00edfico, que oferece fun\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas para a extra\u00e7\u00e3o de dados de pacotes, execu\u00e7\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre dados e controle de fluxo.    <\/p>\n<p>As regras de filtragem e os manipuladores espec\u00edficos de protocolos s\u00e3o compilados em bytecode no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, ap\u00f3s o que esse bytecode \u00e9 carregado no n\u00facleo por meio da interface Netlink e executado no n\u00facleo em uma <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"m\u00e1quina virtual\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4310\">m\u00e1quina virtual<\/a>, semelhante ao BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Essa abordagem permite reduzir significativamente o tamanho do c\u00f3digo de filtragem que opera no n\u00edvel do n\u00facleo e deslocar todas as fun\u00e7\u00f5es de an\u00e1lise de regras e l\u00f3gica de opera\u00e7\u00e3o com protocolos para o espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio.    <\/p>\n<p>Principais novidades:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi implementada a possibilidade de descarregar o processamento do flowtable para o adaptador de rede, ativada por meio da flag 'offload'. O flowtable \u00e9 um mecanismo de otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o do caminho de redirecionamento de pacotes, onde a execu\u00e7\u00e3o completa de todas as cadeias de processamento de regras se aplica apenas ao primeiro pacote, e todos os outros pacotes no fluxo s\u00e3o transmitidos diretamente.        table ip global {              flowtable f {                      hook ingress priority filter + 1                      devices = { lan3, lan0, wan }                      flags offload              }                chain forward {                      type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;                      ip protocol { tcp, udp } flow add @f              }                chain post {                      type nat hook postrouting priority filter; policy accept;                      oifname 'wan' masquerade              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a suporte para anexar uma tabela de flags \u00e0 vincula\u00e7\u00e3o com o propriet\u00e1rio, permitindo o uso exclusivo da tabela pelo processo. Ao finalizar o processo, a tabela vinculada a ele \u00e9 automaticamente removida. As informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o processo s\u00e3o exibidas no despejo de regras na forma de um coment\u00e1rio:          table ip x { # progname nft              flags owner                chain y {                      type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;                      counter packets 1 bytes 309              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a compatibilidade com a especifica\u00e7\u00e3o IEEE 802.1ad (empilhamento de VLAN ou QinQ), que define meios para substituir v\u00e1rias tags VLAN em um \u00fanico quadro Ethernet. Por exemplo, para verificar o tipo de quadro Ethernet externo 8021ad e vlan id=342, pode-se utilizar a constru\u00e7\u00e3o        ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 342      para verificar o tipo externo de quadro Ethernet 8021ad\/vlan id=1, aninhado 802.1q\/vlan id=2 e a posterior encapsula\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes IP:         ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 1 vlan type 8021q vlan id 2 vlan type ip counter\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a capacidade de gerenciamento de recursos atrav\u00e9s de uma hierarquia unificada de cgroups v2. A principal diferen\u00e7a entre cgroups v2 e v1 \u00e9 a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de uma hierarquia comum de cgroups para todos os tipos de recursos, em vez de hierarquias separadas para aloca\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos de CPU, controle de consumo de mem\u00f3ria e entrada\/sa\u00edda.  Por exemplo, para verificar se o ancestral do socket no primeiro n\u00edvel do cgroupv2 corresponde \u00e0 m\u00e1scara 'system.slice', pode-se utilizar a constru\u00e7\u00e3o:       ... socket cgroupv2 level 1 'system.slice'\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a possibilidade de verificar os componentes de pacotes SCTP (funcionalidade necess\u00e1ria que estar\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel no n\u00facleo do Linux 5.14). Por exemplo, para verificar a exist\u00eancia de um chunk no pacote com o tipo 'data' e o campo 'type':       ... sctp chunk data exists    ... sctp chunk data type 0\n<li class=\"l\"> A execu\u00e7\u00e3o da opera\u00e7\u00e3o de carregamento de regras foi acelerada em aproximadamente duas vezes usando a flag '-f'. A exibi\u00e7\u00e3o da lista de regras tamb\u00e9m foi acelerada.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uma forma compacta de verificar a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de bits em flags \u00e9 fornecida. Por exemplo, para verificar se os bits de estado snat e dnat n\u00e3o est\u00e3o definidos, pode-se usar: ... ct status ! snat,dnat. Para verificar se o bit syn est\u00e1 definido na m\u00e1scara de bits syn,ack: ... tcp flags syn \/ syn,ack. Para verificar se os bits fin e rst n\u00e3o est\u00e3o definidos na m\u00e1scara de bits syn,ack,fin,rst: ... tcp flags != fin,rst \/ syn,ack,fin,rst.\n<li class=\"l\"> O uso da palavra-chave \u00abverdict\u00bb \u00e9 permitido nas defini\u00e7\u00f5es typeof para set\/map: add map x m { typeof iifname . ip protocol . th dport : verdict ;}    <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55214\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.2.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 0.9.9 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.13-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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