{"id":100747,"date":"2021-07-12T16:22:38","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T14:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/microsoft-opublikoval-pervyj-stabilnyj-vypusk-linux-distributiva-cbl-mariner"},"modified":"2021-07-12T16:22:38","modified_gmt":"2021-07-12T14:22:39","slug":"microsoft-opublikoval-pervyj-stabilnyj-vypusk-linux-distributiva-cbl-mariner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/microsoft-opublikoval-pervyj-stabilnyj-vypusk-linux-distributiva-cbl-mariner","title":{"rendered":"A Microsoft lan\u00e7ou a primeira vers\u00e3o est\u00e1vel da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Linux CBL-Mariner","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A Microsoft publicou o lan\u00e7amento da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o CBL-Mariner 1.0 (Common Base Linux Mariner), que \u00e9 identificada como a primeira vers\u00e3o est\u00e1vel do projeto. A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o CBL-Mariner est\u00e1 sendo desenvolvida como uma plataforma base universal para ambientes Linux, utilizada em infraestrutura de nuvem, sistemas de edge e diversos servi\u00e7os da Microsoft. O projeto visa unificar as solu\u00e7\u00f5es Linux utilizadas na Microsoft e simplificar a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas Linux para diversos fins, mantendo-os atualizados. Os desenvolvimentos do projeto s\u00e3o distribu\u00eddos sob a licen\u00e7a MIT. <\/p>\n

A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o fornece um pequeno conjunto b\u00e1sico padr\u00e3o de pacotes, servindo como uma base universal para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de cont\u00eaineres, ambientes de hospedagem e servi\u00e7os executados em infraestruturas de nuvem e em dispositivos de edge. Solu\u00e7\u00f5es mais complexas e especializadas podem ser criadas atrav\u00e9s da adi\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes adicionais sobre o CBL-Mariner, mas a base para todos esses sistemas permanece a mesma, facilitando a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e a prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es. <\/p>\n

Por exemplo, o CBL-Mariner \u00e9 usado como base para a mini-distribui\u00e7\u00e3o WSLg, que fornece componentes da pilha gr\u00e1fica para permitir a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de aplicativos GUI do Linux em ambientes baseados no subsistema WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux). A base desta distribui\u00e7\u00e3o permanece inalterada, enquanto a funcionalidade expandida \u00e9 implementada atrav\u00e9s da inclus\u00e3o de pacotes adicionais. servidor<\/a> Weston, XWayland, PulseAudio e FreeRDP. <\/p>\n

O sistema de constru\u00e7\u00e3o do CBL-Mariner permite gerar tanto pacotes RPM individuais a partir de arquivos SPEC e c\u00f3digos fonte, como tamb\u00e9m imagens de sistema monol\u00edticas, formadas com o aux\u00edlio da ferramenta rpm-ostree e atualizadas de forma at\u00f4mica sem a divis\u00e3o em pacotes individuais. Portanto, s\u00e3o suportados dois modelos de entrega de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es: atrav\u00e9s da atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes individuais e atrav\u00e9s da reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o e atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o da imagem do sistema completa. A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o inclui apenas os componentes mais essenciais e \u00e9 otimizada para o m\u00ednimo consumo de mem\u00f3ria e espa\u00e7o em disco, al\u00e9m de oferecer alta velocidade de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o. A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 not\u00e1vel por incluir v\u00e1rios mecanismos adicionais para aumentar a seguran\u00e7a. <\/p>\n

O projeto adota a abordagem de \"m\u00e1xima seguran\u00e7a por padr\u00e3o\". Oferece a capacidade de filtrar chamadas de sistema por meio do mecanismo seccomp, criptografar parti\u00e7\u00f5es de disco, e verificar pacotes por assinatura digital. Na fase de constru\u00e7\u00e3o, est\u00e3o ativados por padr\u00e3o os modos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra estouro de pilha, estouros de buffer e problemas de formata\u00e7\u00e3o de strings (_FORTIFY_SOURCE, -fstack-protector, -Wformat-security, relro). Os modos de randomiza\u00e7\u00e3o do espa\u00e7o de endere\u00e7amento suportados no n\u00facleo Linux est\u00e3o ativados, assim como mecanismos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra ataques relacionados a links simb\u00f3licos, mmap, \\\/dev\\mem e \\\/dev\\kmem. Para \u00e1reas de mem\u00f3ria que cont\u00eam segmentos com dados do n\u00facleo e m\u00f3dulos, o modo \u00e9 definido como somente leitura e a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo \u00e9 proibida. Opcionalmente, h\u00e1 a possibilidade de proibir o carregamento de m\u00f3dulos do n\u00facleo ap\u00f3s a inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema. Para filtrar pacotes de rede, foi utilizado o conjunto de ferramentas iptables. <\/p>\n

\u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 ISO-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439 (c\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f Ubuntu 18.04). \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 RPM-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 3300 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e iso-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c: git clone https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/CBL-Mariner.git cd CBL-Mariner\/toolkit sudo make iso REBUILD_TOOLS=y REBUILD_PACKAGES=n CONFIG_FILE=.\/imageconfigs\/full.json <\/p>\n

Para gerenciar servi\u00e7os e inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o, utiliza-se o gerenciador de sistema systemd. Para gerenciamento de pacotes, s\u00e3o fornecidos os gerenciadores de pacotes RPM e DNF (vers\u00e3o tdnf da vmWare). O servidor SSH n\u00e3o \u00e9 ativado por padr\u00e3o. Para a instala\u00e7\u00e3o da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, um instalador \u00e9 fornecido, que pode operar tanto em modo texto quanto gr\u00e1fico. No instalador, h\u00e1 a op\u00e7\u00e3o de instalar com um conjunto completo ou b\u00e1sico de pacotes, oferecendo uma interface para sele\u00e7\u00e3o da parti\u00e7\u00e3o de disco, escolha do nome do host e cria\u00e7\u00e3o de usu\u00e1rios.

\"A<\/center>
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 CBL-Mariner 1.0 (Common Base Linux Mariner), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 CBL-Mariner \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, edge-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 Microsoft. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 Microsoft Linux-\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":100748,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47A Microsoft publicou o primeiro lan\u00e7amento est\u00e1vel da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Linux CBL-Mariner | ProHoster","description":"A Microsoft lan\u00e7ou a 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