{"id":101224,"date":"2021-09-08T16:23:07","date_gmt":"2021-09-08T14:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-kriptograficheskoj-biblioteki-openssl-3-0-0"},"modified":"2021-09-08T16:23:07","modified_gmt":"2021-09-08T14:23:07","slug":"vypusk-kriptograficheskoj-biblioteki-openssl-3-0-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-kriptograficheskoj-biblioteki-openssl-3-0-0","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento da biblioteca criptogr\u00e1fica OpenSSL 3.0.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ap\u00f3s tr\u00eas anos de desenvolvimento e 19 lan\u00e7amentos de teste, foi lan\u00e7ado a biblioteca OpenSSL 3.0.0, que implementa os protocolos SSL\/TLS e v\u00e1rios algoritmos de criptografia. Esta nova vers\u00e3o inclui mudan\u00e7as que quebram a compatibilidade retroativa no n\u00edvel de API e ABI, mas essas mudan\u00e7as n\u00e3o afetar\u00e3o a maioria das aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, que podem ser recompiladas a partir do OpenSSL 1.1.1. O suporte \u00e0 vers\u00e3o anterior, OpenSSL 1.1.1, ser\u00e1 mantido at\u00e9 setembro de 2023.    <\/p>\n<p>A mudan\u00e7a significativa no n\u00famero da vers\u00e3o est\u00e1 relacionada \u00e0 ado\u00e7\u00e3o da numera\u00e7\u00e3o tradicional \"Major.Minor.Patch\". O primeiro d\u00edgito (Major) na numera\u00e7\u00e3o da vers\u00e3o agora mudar\u00e1 apenas em caso de incompatibilidade no n\u00edvel API\/ABI, enquanto o segundo (Minor) mudar\u00e1 com o aumento de funcionalidades sem altera\u00e7\u00e3o no API\/ABI. Atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es corretivas ser\u00e3o fornecidas com a altera\u00e7\u00e3o do terceiro d\u00edgito (Patch). O n\u00famero 3.0.0, logo ap\u00f3s o 1.1.1, foi escolhido para evitar sobreposi\u00e7\u00f5es com o m\u00f3dulo FIPS do OpenSSL que est\u00e1 em desenvolvimento, para o qual foi utilizada a numera\u00e7\u00e3o 2.x.      <\/p>\n<p>Outra mudan\u00e7a importante para o projeto foi a transi\u00e7\u00e3o de uma licen\u00e7a dupla (OpenSSL e SSLeay) para a licen\u00e7a Apache 2.0. A licen\u00e7a propriet\u00e1ria utilizada anteriormente pelo OpenSSL era baseada no texto da antiga licen\u00e7a Apache 1.0 e exigia men\u00e7\u00e3o expl\u00edcita ao OpenSSL em materiais promocionais ao utilizar as bibliotecas OpenSSL, al\u00e9m de adicionar uma nota especial caso o OpenSSL fosse inclu\u00eddo em um produto. Esses requisitos tornaram a antiga licen\u00e7a incompat\u00edvel com a GPL, dificultando a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do OpenSSL em projetos licenciados sob a GPL. Para contornar essa incompatibilidade, projetos GPL eram obrigados a utilizar acordos de licen\u00e7a espec\u00edficos, onde o texto principal da GPL era complementado com uma cl\u00e1usula que explicitamente permitia a liga\u00e7\u00e3o do aplicativo \u00e0 biblioteca OpenSSL e mencionava que os requisitos da GPL n\u00e3o se aplicavam \u00e0 liga\u00e7\u00e3o com o OpenSSL.         <\/p>\n<p>Comparado \u00e0 vers\u00e3o OpenSSL 1.1.1, o OpenSSL 3.0.0 inclui mais de 7500 mudan\u00e7as, desenvolvidas por 350 desenvolvedores. As principais novidades do OpenSSL 3.0.0:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Um novo m\u00f3dulo FIPS foi proposto, incluindo a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de algoritmos criptogr\u00e1ficos que atendem ao padr\u00e3o de seguran\u00e7a FIPS 140-2 (o processo de certifica\u00e7\u00e3o do m\u00f3dulo est\u00e1 programado para come\u00e7ar este m\u00eas, e a obten\u00e7\u00e3o do certificado FIPS 140-2 \u00e9 esperada para o pr\u00f3ximo ano). O novo m\u00f3dulo \u00e9 significativamente mais f\u00e1cil de usar e a sua integra\u00e7\u00e3o a muitos aplicativos n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 mais dif\u00edcil do que modificar um arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o. O m\u00f3dulo FIPS est\u00e1 desativado por padr\u00e3o e requer a op\u00e7\u00e3o enable-fips para ativa\u00e7\u00e3o.\n<li class=\"l\"> A libcrypto implementou o conceito de provedores plug\u00e1veis, que substituiu a ideia de motores (a API ENGINE foi considerada obsoleta). Com os provedores, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel adicionar implementa\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00f3prias de algoritmos para opera\u00e7\u00f5es como criptografia, descriptografia, gera\u00e7\u00e3o de chaves, c\u00e1lculo de MAC e cria\u00e7\u00e3o e verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de assinaturas digitais. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel tanto conectar novos provedores quanto criar implementa\u00e7\u00f5es alternativas de algoritmos j\u00e1 suportados (por padr\u00e3o, agora cada algoritmo usa o provedor embutido no OpenSSL).\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a suporte ao protocolo de gerenciamento de certificados CMP (Certificate Management Protocol, RFC 4210), que pode ser usado para solicitar certificados de <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"servidor\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3745\">servidor<\/a> uma autoridade certificadora, atualizar certificados e revogar certificados. O trabalho com CMP \u00e9 feito atrav\u00e9s da nova ferramenta openssl-cmp, que tamb\u00e9m oferece suporte ao formato CRMF (RFC 4211) e transmiss\u00e3o de solicita\u00e7\u00f5es via HTTP\/HTTPS (RFC 6712).\n<li class=\"l\"> Um cliente completo para os protocolos HTTP e HTTPS foi implementado, suportando os m\u00e9todos GET e POST, redirecionamento de solicita\u00e7\u00f5es, opera\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s de proxy, codifica\u00e7\u00e3o ASN.1 e gerenciamento de tempo limite.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionado uma nova API EVP_MAC (Message Authentication Code API), que simplifica a adi\u00e7\u00e3o de novas implementa\u00e7\u00f5es de c\u00f3digos de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi proposto uma nova interface de programa\u00e7\u00e3o para forma\u00e7\u00e3o de chaves \u2014 EVP_KDF (Key Derivation Function API), que simplifica a adi\u00e7\u00e3o de novas implementa\u00e7\u00f5es KDF e PRF. A antiga API EVP_PKEY, pela qual os algoritmos scrypt, TLS1 PRF e HKDF estavam dispon\u00edveis, foi reformulada como uma camada implementada sobre as APIs EVP_KDF e EVP_MAC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do protocolo TLS, foi possibilitada a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da implementa\u00e7\u00e3o incorporada ao n\u00facleo Linux, tanto do cliente quanto do servidor TLS, para acelerar as opera\u00e7\u00f5es. Para usar a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o fornecida pelo n\u00facleo Linux do TLS, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio habilitar a op\u00e7\u00e3o \"SSL_OP_ENABLE_KTLS\" ou ajustar \"enable-ktls\".\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte a novos algoritmos adicionado:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Algoritmos de forma\u00e7\u00e3o de chaves (KDF) \u2014 \"SINGLE STEP\" e \"SSH\".\n<li class=\"l\"> Algoritmos de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o (MAC) \u2014 \"GMAC\" e \"KMAC\".\n<li class=\"l\"> Algoritmo de encapsulamento de chaves RSA (KEM) \u2014 \"RSASVE\".\n<li class=\"l\"> Algoritmo de criptografia \"AES-SIV\" (RFC-8452).\n<li class=\"l\"> Na API EVP, foram adicionadas chamadas com suporte a cifr\u00f5es inversos, utilizando o algoritmo AES para criptografar chaves (Key Wrap): \"AES-128-WRAP-INV\", \"AES-192-WRAP-INV\", \"AES-256-WRAP-INV\", \"AES-128-WRAP-PAD-INV\", \"AES-192-WRAP-PAD-INV\" e \"AES-256-WRAP-PAD-INV\".\n<li class=\"l\"> Na API EVP, foi adicionada suporte a algoritmos de empr\u00e9stimo de criptograma (CTS): \"AES-128-CBC-CTS\", \"AES-192-CBC-CTS\", \"AES-256-CBC-CTS\", \"CAMELLIA-128-CBC-CTS\", \"CAMELLIA-192-CBC-CTS\" e \"CAMELLIA-256-CBC-CTS\".\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada suporte para assinaturas digitais CAdES-BES (RFC 5126).\n<li class=\"l\"> No AES_GCM foi implementado o par\u00e2metro AuthEnvelopedData (RFC 5083), permitindo criptografar e descriptografar mensagens que s\u00e3o autenticadas e criptografadas utilizando o modo AES GCM.  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> As fun\u00e7\u00f5es PKCS7_get_octet_string e PKCS7_type_is_other foram expostas na API p\u00fablica.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na API PKCS#12, os algoritmos usados por padr\u00e3o na fun\u00e7\u00e3o PKCS12_create() foram substitu\u00eddos por PBKDF2 e AES, enquanto o algoritmo SHA-256 foi utilizado para o c\u00e1lculo do MAC. Para restaurar o comportamento anterior, foi prevista a op\u00e7\u00e3o \"-legacy\". Um grande n\u00famero de novas chamadas estendidas PKCS12_*_ex, PKCS5_*_ex e PKCS8_*_ex foi adicionado, como PKCS12_add_key_ex(), PKCS12_create_ex() e PKCS12_decrypt_skey_ex().\n<li class=\"l\"> Para a plataforma Windows, foi adicionada suporte para sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o de threads usando o mecanismo SRWLock.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada uma nova API para rastreamento, ativada atrav\u00e9s do par\u00e2metro enable-trace.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ampliado o conjunto de chaves suportadas nas fun\u00e7\u00f5es EVP_PKEY_public_check() e EVP_PKEY_param_check(): RSA, DSA, ED25519, X25519, ED448 e X448.\n<li class=\"l\"> O subsistema RAND_DRBG foi removido e substitu\u00eddo pela API EVP_RAND. As fun\u00e7\u00f5es FIPS_mode() e FIPS_mode_set() foram removidas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uma parte significativa da API foi classificada como obsoleta \u2014 o uso de chamadas obsoletas no c\u00f3digo dos projetos gerar\u00e1 avisos durante a compila\u00e7\u00e3o. Incluindo, oficialmente, as APIs de baixo n\u00edvel, ligadas a implementa\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas de algoritmos (por exemplo, AES_set_encrypt_key e AES_encrypt). O suporte oficial no OpenSSL 3.0.0 agora \u00e9 fornecido apenas para APIs de alto n\u00edvel EVP, que s\u00e3o abstra\u00eddas de tipos de algoritmos individuais (as fun\u00e7\u00f5es EVP_EncryptInit_ex, EVP_EncryptUpdate e EVP_EncryptFinal, por exemplo, pertencem a essa API). Em uma das pr\u00f3ximas vers\u00f5es significativas, APIs obsoletas ser\u00e3o removidas. Implementa\u00e7\u00f5es de algoritmos obsoletos, como MD2 e DES, dispon\u00edveis atrav\u00e9s da API EVP, foram transferidas para um m\u00f3dulo separado chamado \"legacy\", que est\u00e1 desativado por padr\u00e3o.\n<li class=\"l\"> A documenta\u00e7\u00e3o e o conjunto de testes foram significativamente expandidos. Em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com a ramifica\u00e7\u00e3o 1.1.1, a quantidade de documenta\u00e7\u00e3o aumentou em 94%, enquanto o tamanho do c\u00f3digo do conjunto de testes subiu 54%.  <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55760\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 19 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 OpenSSL 3.0.0 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 SSL\/TLS \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 API \u0438 ABI, \u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441 OpenSSL 1.1.1 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 OpenSSL 1.1.1 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 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