{"id":101814,"date":"2021-10-27T10:22:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T08:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/eksperiment-s-opredeleniem-parolej-polzovatelej-70-wi-fi-setej-tel-aviva"},"modified":"2021-10-27T10:22:38","modified_gmt":"2021-10-27T08:22:39","slug":"eksperiment-s-opredeleniem-parolej-polzovatelej-70-wi-fi-setej-tel-aviva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/eksperiment-s-opredeleniem-parolej-polzovatelej-70-wi-fi-setej-tel-aviva","title":{"rendered":"Experimento para determinar senhas de usu\u00e1rios em 70% das redes Wi-Fi de Tel Aviv","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

O pesquisador de seguran\u00e7a israelense Ido Hoorvitch (Tel Aviv) publicou os resultados de um experimento sobre a confiabilidade das senhas usadas para o acesso a redes sem fio. Durante o estudo, foram interceptados pacotes com identificadores PMKID, o que permitiu descobrir senhas para acessar 3663 de 5000 (73%) das redes sem fio estudadas em Tel Aviv. O resultado apontou que a maioria dos propriet\u00e1rios de redes sem fio estabelece senhas fr\u00e1geis, vulner\u00e1veis a ataques por hash, sendo suas redes sem fio suscet\u00edveis a ataques com o uso de ferramentas comuns como hashcat, hcxtools e hcxdumptool. <\/p>\n

Ido usou um laptop com Ubuntu Linux para interceptar pacotes de redes sem fio, colocando-o em uma mochila e percorrendo a cidade at\u00e9 conseguir interceptar pacotes com identificadores PMKID de cinco mil redes sem fio diferentes. Depois disso, utilizou um computador com 8 GPUs NVIDIA QUADRO RTX 8000 de 48 GB para quebrar as senhas a partir dos hashes extra\u00eddos do identificador PMKID. O desempenho da quebra neste servidor<\/a> foi de quase 7 milh\u00f5es de hashes por segundo. Para compara\u00e7\u00e3o, em um laptop comum, o desempenho \u00e9 de cerca de 200 mil hashes por segundo, o que \u00e9 suficiente para quebrar uma senha de 10 d\u00edgitos em aproximadamente 9 minutos. <\/p>\n

Para acelerar a sele\u00e7\u00e3o, a busca foi limitada a sequ\u00eancias que inclu\u00edam apenas 8 letras min\u00fasculas, al\u00e9m de 8, 9 ou 10 d\u00edgitos. Essa restri\u00e7\u00e3o foi suficiente para identificar as senhas de 3663 das 5000 redes. As senhas mais populares eram de 10 d\u00edgitos, utilizadas em 2349 redes. Senhas de 8 d\u00edgitos foram usadas em 596 redes, 9 em 368, e senhas de 8 letras min\u00fasculas foram usadas em 320. A repeti\u00e7\u00e3o do ataque utilizando o dicion\u00e1rio rockyou.txt, com 133 MB, permitiu recuperar imediatamente 900 senhas. <\/p>\n

Suspeita-se que a situa\u00e7\u00e3o em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 confiabilidade das senhas em redes sem fio em outras cidades e pa\u00edses seja semelhante, sendo que a maioria das senhas pode ser quebrada em poucas horas, gastando cerca de $50 em uma placa de rede com suporte ao modo de monitoramento de frequ\u00eancia (no experimento, foi usada a placa ALFA Network AWUS036ACH). O ataque baseado em PMKID \u00e9 aplic\u00e1vel apenas a pontos de acesso que suportam roaming, mas, como demonstrou a pr\u00e1tica, a maioria dos fabricantes n\u00e3o desativa essa op\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n

Para o ataque, foi utilizado um m\u00e9todo t\u00edpico de invas\u00e3o de redes sem fio com WPA2, conhecido desde 2018. Ao contr\u00e1rio do m\u00e9todo cl\u00e1ssico, que requer a intercepta\u00e7\u00e3o de frames de handshake durante a conex\u00e3o do usu\u00e1rio, o m\u00e9todo baseado na intercepta\u00e7\u00e3o do PMKID n\u00e3o est\u00e1 atrelado \u00e0 conex\u00e3o de um novo usu\u00e1rio \u00e0 rede e pode ser realizado a qualquer momento. Para obter dados suficientes para iniciar a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o da senha, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio apenas interceptar um frame com o identificador PMKID. Esses frames podem ser obtidos tanto em modo passivo, monitorando a atividade relacionada ao roaming, quanto for\u00e7ando a transmiss\u00e3o de frames com PMKID pelo ar, enviando uma solicita\u00e7\u00e3o de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o ao ponto de acesso. <\/p>\n

PMKID \u00e9 um hash gerado utilizando a senha, endere\u00e7o MAC do ponto de acesso, endere\u00e7o MAC do cliente e nome da rede sem fio (SSID). Os \u00faltimos tr\u00eas par\u00e2metros (MAC AP, MAC Station e SSID) s\u00e3o conhecidos desde o in\u00edcio, permitindo o uso do m\u00e9todo de for\u00e7a bruta com dicion\u00e1rios para determinar a senha, da mesma forma como as senhas dos usu\u00e1rios em um sistema podem ser recuperadas quando seu hash vaza. Assim, a seguran\u00e7a do acesso \u00e0 rede sem fio depende inteiramente da robustez da senha definida.

\"Experimento<\/center>
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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