{"id":102442,"date":"2021-12-02T03:36:44","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T01:36:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-distributiva-nixos-21-11-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix"},"modified":"2021-12-02T03:36:44","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T01:36:44","slug":"vypusk-distributiva-nixos-21-11-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-distributiva-nixos-21-11-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o NixOS 21.11, que utiliza o gerenciador de pacotes Nix.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Foi lan\u00e7ado o distribuidor NixOS 21.11, baseado no gerenciador de pacotes Nix e que fornece uma s\u00e9rie de desenvolvimentos pr\u00f3prios que simplificam a configura\u00e7\u00e3o e a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema. Por exemplo, no NixOS, usa-se um \u00fanico arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema (configuration.nix), que permite a revers\u00e3o r\u00e1pida de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es, suporte para altern\u00e2ncia entre diferentes estados do sistema, instala\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes individuais por usu\u00e1rios (o pacote \u00e9 instalado no diret\u00f3rio home), instala\u00e7\u00e3o simult\u00e2nea de v\u00e1rias vers\u00f5es de um mesmo programa, e garante builds reproduz\u00edveis. O tamanho da imagem de instala\u00e7\u00e3o completa com KDE \u00e9 de 1,6 GB, GNOME \u2014 2 GB e a vers\u00e3o reduzida em console \u2014 765 MB.     <\/p>\n<p>Principais novidades:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A \u00e1rea de trabalho KDE Plasma padr\u00e3o foi traduzida para usar o protocolo Wayland. As \u00e1reas de trabalho GNOME 41 e Pantheon 6 (do Elementary OS 6) foram atualizadas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Em vez de iptables, foi utilizado o conjunto iptables-nft, que fornece utilit\u00e1rios com a mesma sintaxe de linha de comando, mas que traduzem as regras recebidas para bytecode nf_tables.\n<li class=\"l\"> As vers\u00f5es do Systemd 249, PHP 8.0, Python 3.9, PostgreSQL 13, bash 5, OpenSSH 8.8p1 foram atualizadas.\n<li class=\"l\"> O suporte ao sistema de gerenciamento de cont\u00eaineres LXD foi significativamente aprimorado. Foi implementada a possibilidade de construir imagens para LXD a partir de arquivos de configura\u00e7\u00e3o usando nixpkgs. Imagens do nixOS foram constru\u00eddas com suporte completo ao nixos-rebuild, que podem ser usadas de forma isolada.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mais de 40 novos servi\u00e7os foram adicionados, incluindo Git, btrbk (backup btrfs), clipcat (gerenciador de \u00e1rea de transfer\u00eancia), dex (provedor OAuth 2.0), Jibri (servi\u00e7o para grava\u00e7\u00e3o de confer\u00eancias Jitsi Meet), Kea (servidor DHCP), owncast (streaming de v\u00eddeo), PeerTube, ucarp (implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do protocolo CARP), opensnitch (firewall din\u00e2mico), Hockeypuck (servidor de chaves OpenPGP), MeshCentral (similar ao TeamViewer), influxdb2 (SGBD para armazenamento de m\u00e9tricas), fluidd (interface web para gerenciamento de impressoras 3D), postfixadmin (interface web para gerenciamento de email baseado em Postfix), seafile (plataforma de armazenamento em nuvem). <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"servidor\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3027\">servidor<\/a> baseado em Postfix), seafile (plataforma de armazenamento em nuvem).      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ao usar o Nix, os pacotes s\u00e3o instalados em uma \u00e1rvore de diret\u00f3rios separada em \/nix\/store ou em um subdiret\u00f3rio no diret\u00f3rio do usu\u00e1rio. Por exemplo, um pacote \u00e9 instalado como \/nix\/store\/a2b5\u20268b163-firefox-94.0.2\/, onde \u2018a2b5\u2026\u2019 \u00e9 um identificador exclusivo do pacote usado para controle de depend\u00eancias. Os pacotes s\u00e3o formatados como cont\u00eaineres que cont\u00eam os componentes necess\u00e1rios para a opera\u00e7\u00e3o dos aplicativos. Uma abordagem semelhante \u00e9 aplicada no gerenciador de pacotes GNU Guix, que \u00e9 baseado no trabalho do Nix.      <\/p>\n<p>Entre os pacotes, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel definir depend\u00eancias, sendo que a busca por depend\u00eancias j\u00e1 instaladas utiliza a varredura de hashes-identificadores na diret\u00f3rio dos pacotes instalados. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel tanto baixar pacotes bin\u00e1rios prontos do reposit\u00f3rio (ao instalar atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es, somente as delta-atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o baixadas), quanto compilar a partir dos c\u00f3digos-fonte com todas as depend\u00eancias. A cole\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes est\u00e1 presente em um reposit\u00f3rio especial chamado Nixpkgs.          <\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56263\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 21.11, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 Nix \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 NixOS \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (configuration.nix), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 (\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 21.11, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 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