{"id":103242,"date":"2022-02-08T09:36:38","date_gmt":"2022-02-08T07:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimosti-v-uefi-proshivkah-na-baze-frejmvorka-insydeh2o-pozvolyayushhie-vypolnit-kod-na-urovne-smm"},"modified":"2022-02-08T09:36:38","modified_gmt":"2022-02-08T07:36:38","slug":"uyazvimosti-v-uefi-proshivkah-na-baze-frejmvorka-insydeh2o-pozvolyayushhie-vypolnit-kod-na-urovne-smm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-uefi-proshivkah-na-baze-frejmvorka-insydeh2o-pozvolyayushhie-vypolnit-kod-na-urovne-smm","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerabilidades em firmwares UEFI baseados no framework InsydeH2O que permitem a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo no n\u00edvel SMM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>No framework InsydeH2O, utilizado por v\u00e1rios fabricantes para criar firmwares UEFI para seu hardware (a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o mais comum do UEFI BIOS), foram identificadas 23 vulnerabilidades que permitem a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo no n\u00edvel SMM (Modo de Gerenciamento de Sistema), que tem maior prioridade (Ring -2) do que o modo hipervisor e o anel zero de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, tendo acesso irrestrito a toda a mem\u00f3ria. O problema afeta firmwares UEFI usados por fabricantes como Fujitsu, Siemens, Dell, HP, HPE, Lenovo, Microsoft, Intel e Bull Atos.    <\/p>\n<p>Para explorar as vulnerabilidades, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio acesso local com direitos de administrador, o que torna os problemas requisitados como vulnerabilidades de segundo n\u00edvel, que s\u00e3o utilizadas ap\u00f3s a explora\u00e7\u00e3o de outras vulnerabilidades no sistema ou o uso de m\u00e9todos de engenharia social. O acesso ao n\u00edvel SMM permite a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo em um n\u00edvel que n\u00e3o \u00e9 controlado pelo sistema operacional, o que pode ser usado para modificar firmwares e deixar c\u00f3digo malicioso ou rootkits ocultos no SPI Flash, n\u00e3o detectados pelo sistema operacional, al\u00e9m de desabilitar a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o na fase de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o (UEFI Secure Boot, Intel BootGuard) e atacar hipervisores para contornar os mecanismos de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de integridade dos ambientes virtuais.  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vulnerabilidades em firmwares UEFI baseados no framework InsydeH2O que permitem a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo no n\u00edvel SMM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/dcf918bee3be0d2788f82d325cd671c7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>    <\/p>\n<p>A explora\u00e7\u00e3o das vulnerabilidades pode ser realizada a partir do sistema operacional atrav\u00e9s de manipuladores SMI (System Management Interrupt) n\u00e3o verificados, assim como em etapas anteriores \u00e0 execu\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema operacional, durante os est\u00e1gios iniciais de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o ou ao retornar do modo de suspens\u00e3o. Todas as vulnerabilidades s\u00e3o causadas por problemas de gerenciamento de mem\u00f3ria e s\u00e3o divididas em tr\u00eas categorias:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Chamada SMM &#8212; execu\u00e7\u00e3o do seu c\u00f3digo com direitos SMM atrav\u00e9s do redirecionamento da execu\u00e7\u00e3o dos manipuladores de interrup\u00e7\u00e3o SWSMI para c\u00f3digo fora do SMRAM;\n<li class=\"l\"> Danos na mem\u00f3ria que permitem a um invasor gravar seus dados no SMRAM, uma \u00e1rea de mem\u00f3ria especialmente isolada onde o c\u00f3digo \u00e9 executado com direitos SMM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dano na mem\u00f3ria no c\u00f3digo executado no n\u00edvel DXE (Driver eXecution Environment).  <\/ul>\n<p>Para demonstrar os princ\u00edpios da organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de um ataque, foi publicado um exemplo de exploit que permite, atrav\u00e9s de um ataque do terceiro ou nulo anel de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, obter acesso ao DXE Runtime UEFI e executar seu c\u00f3digo. O exploit manipula a sobrecarga de pilha (CVE-2021-42059) no driver UEFI DXE. Durante o ataque, o invasor pode inserir seu c\u00f3digo no driver DXE, mantendo atividade ap\u00f3s a reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema operacional, ou modificar a \u00e1rea NVRAM na SPI Flash. No processo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o, o c\u00f3digo do invasor pode alterar \u00e1reas privilegiadas de mem\u00f3ria, modificar servi\u00e7os EFI Runtime e influenciar o processo de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56656\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 InsydeH2O, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f UEFI-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e (\u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f UEFI BIOS), \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b 23 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 SMM (System Management Mode), \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c (Ring -2), \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 UEFI-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a Fujitsu, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":103243,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 InsydeH2O, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f UEFI-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 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