{"id":103407,"date":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2"},"modified":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do filtragem de pacotes nftables 1.0.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Foi publicado o lan\u00e7amento do filtragem de pacotes nftables 1.0.2, que unifica as interfaces de filtragem de pacotes para IPv4, IPv6, ARP e pontes de rede (destinado a substituir iptables, ip6table, arptables e ebtables). As altera\u00e7\u00f5es necess\u00e1rias para o funcionamento do nftables 1.0.2 est\u00e3o inclu\u00eddas no n\u00facleo do Linux 5.17-rc.      <\/p>\n<p>O pacote nftables inclui componentes do filtro de pacotes que operam no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, enquanto a funcionalidade no n\u00edvel do n\u00facleo \u00e9 assegurada pelo subsistema nf_tables, que faz parte do n\u00facleo do Linux a partir da vers\u00e3o 3.13. No n\u00edvel do n\u00facleo, \u00e9 fornecida apenas uma interface geral, independente de protocolo espec\u00edfico, que oferece fun\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas para a extra\u00e7\u00e3o de dados de pacotes, execu\u00e7\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre dados e controle de fluxo.    <\/p>\n<p>As regras de filtragem e os manipuladores espec\u00edficos de protocolos s\u00e3o compilados em bytecode no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, ap\u00f3s o que esse bytecode \u00e9 carregado no n\u00facleo por meio da interface Netlink e executado no n\u00facleo em uma <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"m\u00e1quina virtual\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4319\">m\u00e1quina virtual<\/a>, semelhante ao BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Essa abordagem permite reduzir significativamente o tamanho do c\u00f3digo de filtragem que opera no n\u00edvel do n\u00facleo e deslocar todas as fun\u00e7\u00f5es de an\u00e1lise de regras e l\u00f3gica de opera\u00e7\u00e3o com protocolos para o espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio.    <\/p>\n<p>Principais novidades:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionado um modo de otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o de regras, ativado pela nova op\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;-o&#187; (&#171;&#8212;optimize&#187;), que pode ser combinada com a op\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;&#8212;check&#187; para verificar e otimizar altera\u00e7\u00f5es no arquivo com o conjunto de regras sem realmente carreg\u00e1-lo. A otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o permite combinar regras semelhantes, por exemplo, as regras:          meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.3 accept        meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.2.5 accept        ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.2 accept        ip saddr 2.2.2.2 ip daddr 3.3.3.3 drop\n<p>ser\u00e3o combinadas em           meta iifname . ip saddr . ip daddr { eth1 . 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.3, eth1 .   1.1.1.2 . 2.2.2.5 } accept        ip saddr . ip daddr vmap { 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.2 : accept, 2.2.2.2 . 3.3.3.3   : drop }    <\/p>\n<p>Exemplo de uso:       # nft -c -o -f ruleset.test     Mesclando:       ruleset.nft:16:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.1 counter accept       ruleset.nft:17:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.2 counter accept       ruleset.nft:18:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.3 counter accept     em:       ip daddr { 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2, 192.168.0.3 } counter packets 0 bytes 0 accept      <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nas listas de conjuntos, foi implementada a possibilidade de especificar op\u00e7\u00f5es ip e tcp, bem como chunks sctp:            set s5 {                 typeof ip option ra value                 elements = { 1, 1024 }          }            set s7 {                 typeof sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams                 elements = { 1, 4 }          }            chain c5 {                 ip option ra value @s5 accept          }            chain c7 {                 sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams @s7 accept          }\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada suporte para op\u00e7\u00f5es TCP fastopen, md5sig e mptcp.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada suporte para uso em mapeamentos do subtipo mp-tcp:            tcp option mptcp subtype 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Melhorado o c\u00f3digo de filtragem, operando do lado do n\u00facleo.\n<li class=\"l\"> Para flowtable, foi implementado suporte total ao formato JSON.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi disponibilizada a possibilidade de usar a a\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;reject&#187; em opera\u00e7\u00f5es de correspond\u00eancia de quadros Ethernet.            ether saddr aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff ip daddr 192.168.0.1 reject      <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56739\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.2 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.17-rc. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 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