{"id":103763,"date":"2022-04-12T03:37:17","date_gmt":"2022-04-12T01:37:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-sistemy-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxd-5-0"},"modified":"2022-04-12T03:37:17","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T01:37:17","slug":"vypusk-sistemy-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxd-5-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemy-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxd-5-0","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema de gerenciamento de cont\u00eaineres LXD 5.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Canonical lan\u00e7ou a vers\u00e3o 5.0 do gerenciador de containers LXD e do sistema de arquivos virtual LXCFS 5.0. O c\u00f3digo do LXD \u00e9 escrito na linguagem Go e \u00e9 distribu\u00eddo sob a licen\u00e7a Apache 2.0. A vers\u00e3o 5.0 est\u00e1 classificada como uma vers\u00e3o com suporte de longo prazo \u2014 as atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es ser\u00e3o fornecidas at\u00e9 junho de 2027.       <\/p>\n<p>Como runtime para execu\u00e7\u00e3o de containers, utiliza-se a ferramenta LXC, que inclui a biblioteca liblxc, um conjunto de utilit\u00e1rios (lxc-create, lxc-start, lxc-stop, lxc-ls etc.), modelos para constru\u00e7\u00e3o de containers e um conjunto de bindings para v\u00e1rias linguagens de programa\u00e7\u00e3o. A isola\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 realizada por meio dos mecanismos existentes no n\u00facleo do Linux. Para a isola\u00e7\u00e3o de processos, da pilha de rede, ipc, uts, identificadores de usu\u00e1rios e pontos de montagem, usa-se o mecanismo de namespaces. Para limitar recursos, s\u00e3o utilizados cgroups. Para reduzir privil\u00e9gios e limitar o acesso, s\u00e3o utilizadas funcionalidades do n\u00facleo como perfis Apparmor e SELinux, pol\u00edticas Seccomp, Chroots (pivot_root) e capacidades.    <\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m do LXC, o LXD tamb\u00e9m utiliza componentes dos projetos CRIU e QEMU. Enquanto o LXC \u00e9 uma ferramenta de baixo n\u00edvel para manipula\u00e7\u00e3o de containers individuais, o LXD fornece meios para a gest\u00e3o centralizada de containers implantados em um cluster de v\u00e1rios. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/\"   title=\"servidores\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1640\">servidores<\/a>O LXD \u00e9 implementado como um processo em segundo plano, recebendo solicita\u00e7\u00f5es pela rede atrav\u00e9s da API REST e suportando diversos backends de armazenamento (\u00e1rvores de diret\u00f3rios, ZFS, Btrfs, LVM), snapshots com c\u00f3pias de estado, migra\u00e7\u00e3o ao vivo de containers em funcionamento de uma m\u00e1quina para outra e recursos para armazenamento de imagens de containers. O LXCFS \u00e9 utilizado para simular em containers um pseudo-sistema de arquivos \/proc e \/sys, al\u00e9m de uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o virtual do cgroupfs para dar aos containers a apar\u00eancia de um sistema independente comum.      <\/p>\n<p>Principais melhorias:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A possibilidade de conex\u00e3o e desconex\u00e3o a quente de discos e dispositivos USB. Em uma m\u00e1quina virtual, um novo disco \u00e9 reconhecido atrav\u00e9s do surgimento de um novo dispositivo no barramento SCSI, enquanto um dispositivo USB \u00e9 identificado pela gera\u00e7\u00e3o de um evento de hotplug USB.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi inclu\u00edda a possibilidade de iniciar o LXD mesmo quando n\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel estabelecer uma conex\u00e3o de rede, por exemplo, devido \u00e0 falta do dispositivo de rede necess\u00e1rio. Em vez de exibir um erro ao iniciar o LXD, agora ele inicia o m\u00e1ximo poss\u00edvel de ambientes nas condi\u00e7\u00f5es atuais, enquanto os demais ambientes s\u00e3o iniciados assim que a conex\u00e3o de rede for restabelecida.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionada uma nova fun\u00e7\u00e3o para os membros do cluster \u2014 ovn-chassis, destinada a clusters que utilizam o OVN (Open Virtual Network) para intera\u00e7\u00e3o de rede (atrav\u00e9s da atribui\u00e7\u00e3o da fun\u00e7\u00e3o ovn-chassis, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel separar servidores para realizar fun\u00e7\u00f5es de roteadores OVN).\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi proposta uma maneira otimizada de atualizar o conte\u00fado das se\u00e7\u00f5es de armazenamento. Nas vers\u00f5es anteriores, a atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o consistia inicialmente na c\u00f3pia do cont\u00eainer ou se\u00e7\u00e3o, por exemplo, atrav\u00e9s da funcionalidade send\/receive no zfs ou btrfs, ap\u00f3s o que a c\u00f3pia criada era sincronizada usando o programa rsync. Para aumentar a efici\u00eancia da atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o, <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vps\/\"   title=\"m\u00e1quinas virtuais\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2093\">m\u00e1quinas virtuais<\/a> na nova vers\u00e3o foi implementada uma l\u00f3gica avan\u00e7ada de migra\u00e7\u00e3o, em que, se o servidor de origem e o servidor de destino utilizarem o mesmo pool de armazenamento, as snapshots e opera\u00e7\u00f5es send\/receive s\u00e3o aplicadas automaticamente em vez de rsync.\n<li class=\"l\"> A l\u00f3gica de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos ambientes no cloud-init foi reformulada: em vez de nomes de ambientes, agora o UUID \u00e9 utilizado como instance-id.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionada a capacidade de interceptar a chamada de sistema sched_setscheduler, permitindo que cont\u00eaineres n\u00e3o privilegiados alterem as prioridades dos processos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementada a op\u00e7\u00e3o lvm.thinpool_metadata_size, que controla o tamanho dos metadados no thinpool.\n<li class=\"l\"> O formato do arquivo com informa\u00e7\u00f5es de rede para o lxc foi reformulado. Foi adicionada a compatibilidade com dados sobre a vincula\u00e7\u00e3o de interfaces, pontes de rede, VLAN e redes OVN.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aumentados os requisitos para as vers\u00f5es m\u00ednimas dos componentes: kernel Linux 5.4, Go 1.18, LXC 4.0.x e QEMU 6.0.\n<li class=\"l\"> O LXCFS 5 adicionou suporte \u00e0 hierarquia unificada de cgroup (cgroup2), implementou \/proc\/slabinfo e \/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu, com a ferramenta meson utilizada para a compila\u00e7\u00e3o.      <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57006\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Canonical \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXD 5.0 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 LXCFS 5.0. \u041a\u043e\u0434 LXD \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Go \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 Apache 2.0. \u0412\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 5.0 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 &#8212; 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