{"id":106246,"date":"2022-12-23T15:36:42","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T13:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-6"},"modified":"2022-12-23T15:36:42","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T13:36:42","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-6","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do filtro de pacote nftables 1.0.6","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Foi lan\u00e7ado o pacote do filtro nftables 1.0.6, que unifica as interfaces de filtragem de pacotes para IPv4, IPv6, ARP e pontes de rede (visando substituir iptables, ip6tables, arptables e ebtables). O pacote nftables inclui componentes do filtro de pacotes que operam no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, enquanto a funcionalidade em n\u00edvel de kernel \u00e9 fornecida pelo subsistema nf_tables, inclu\u00eddo no kernel Linux desde a vers\u00e3o 3.13. No n\u00edvel do kernel, \u00e9 disponibilizada apenas uma interface geral, independente do protocolo espec\u00edfico, que fornece fun\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas para extra\u00e7\u00e3o de dados dos pacotes, execu\u00e7\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre esses dados e controle de fluxo.    <\/p>\n<p>As regras de filtragem e os manipuladores espec\u00edficos de protocolos s\u00e3o compilados em bytecode no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, ap\u00f3s o que esse bytecode \u00e9 carregado no n\u00facleo por meio da interface Netlink e executado no n\u00facleo em uma <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"m\u00e1quina virtual\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4332\">m\u00e1quina virtual<\/a>, semelhante ao BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Essa abordagem permite reduzir significativamente o tamanho do c\u00f3digo de filtragem que opera no n\u00edvel do n\u00facleo e deslocar todas as fun\u00e7\u00f5es de an\u00e1lise de regras e l\u00f3gica de opera\u00e7\u00e3o com protocolos para o espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio.    <\/p>\n<p>Principais mudan\u00e7as:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> No otimizador de regras, ativado com a op\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;-o\/&#8212;optimize&#187;, est\u00e1 configurada a compacta\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica de regras atrav\u00e9s da combina\u00e7\u00e3o e transforma\u00e7\u00e3o em listas map e set. Por exemplo, as regras # cat ruleset.nft table ip x { chain y { type filter hook input priority filter; policy drop; meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.3 accept meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.2.4 accept meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.3.0\/24 accept meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.4.0-2.2.4.10 accept meta iifname eth2 ip saddr 1.1.1.3 ip daddr 2.2.2.5 accept } } ap\u00f3s a execu\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;nft -o -c -f ruleset.nft&#187; ser\u00e3o transformadas da seguinte forma: ruleset.nft:4:17-74: meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.3 accept ruleset.nft:5:17-74: meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.2.4 accept ruleset.nft:6:17-77: meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.3.0\/24 accept ruleset.nft:7:17-83: meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.4.0-2.2.4.10 accept ruleset.nft:8:17-74: meta iifname eth2 ip saddr 1.1.1.3 ip daddr 2.2.2.5 accept para: iifname . ip saddr . ip daddr { eth1 . 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.3, eth1 . 1.1.1.2 . 2.2.2.4, eth1 . 1.1.1.2 . 2.2.3.0\/24, eth1 . 1.1.1.2 . 2.2.4.0-2.2.4.10, eth2 . 1.1.1.3 . 2.2.2.5 } accept\n<li class=\"l\"> O otimizador tamb\u00e9m pode transformar regras em uma forma mais compacta, nas quais j\u00e1 s\u00e3o utilizados simples listas set, por exemplo as regras: # cat ruleset.nft table ip filter { chain input { type filter hook input priority filter; policy drop; iifname &#171;lo&#187; accept ct state established,related accept comment &#171;Em tr\u00e1fego que originamos, confiamos&#187; iifname &#171;enp0s31f6&#187; ip saddr { 209.115.181.102, 216.197.228.230 } ip daddr 10.0.0.149 udp sport 123 udp dport 32768-65535 accept iifname &#171;enp0s31f6&#187; ip saddr { 64.59.144.17, 64.59.150.133 } ip daddr 10.0.0.149 udp sport 53 udp dport 32768-65535 accept } } ap\u00f3s a execu\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;nft -o -c -f ruleset.nft&#187; ser\u00e3o empacotadas da seguinte forma: ruleset.nft:6:22-149: iifname &#171;enp0s31f6&#187; ip saddr { 209.115.181.102, 216.197.228.230 } ip daddr 10.0.0.149 udp sport 123 udp dport 32768-65535 accept ruleset.nft:7:22-143: iifname &#171;enp0s31f6&#187; ip saddr { 64.59.144.17, 64.59.150.133 } ip daddr 10.0.0.149 udp sport 53 udp dport 32768-65535 accept para: iifname . ip saddr . ip daddr . udp sport . udp dport { enp0s31f6 . 209.115.181.102 . 10.0.0.149 . 123 . 32768-65535, enp0s31f6 . 216.197.228.230 . 10.0.0.149 . 123 . 32768-65535, enp0s31f6 . 64.59.144.17 . 10.0.0.149 . 53 . 32768-65535, enp0s31f6 . 64.59.150.133 . 10.0.0.149 . 53 . 32768-65535 } accept\n<li class=\"l\"> O problema com a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de bytecode para fus\u00e3o de intervalos, onde s\u00e3o aplicados tipos com diferentes ordens de bytes, como IPv4 (ordem de bytes de rede) e meta mark (ordem de bytes do sistema), foi resolvido.        table ip x {             map w {                   typeof ip saddr . meta mark : verdict                   flags interval                   counter                   elements = {                           127.0.0.1-127.0.0.4 . 0x123434-0xb00122 : accept,                           192.168.0.10-192.168.1.20 . 0x0000aa00-0x0000aaff :   accept,                   }            }            chain k {                   type filter hook input priority filter; policy drop;                   ip saddr . meta mark vmap @w            }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Estabelecidas correspond\u00eancias para protocolos raros ao usar express\u00f5es raw, por exemplo:         meta l4proto 91 @th,400,16 0x0 accept\n<li class=\"l\"> Problemas com a inclus\u00e3o de regras com intervalos foram resolvidos:         insert rule x y tcp sport { 3478-3497, 16384-16387 } counter accept\n<li class=\"l\"> Melhorada a API JSON, agora com suporte para express\u00f5es em listas do tipo set- e map-.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nas extens\u00f5es da biblioteca python nftables, \u00e9 permitido o carregamento de conjuntos de regras para processamento em modo de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o (&#171;-c&#187;) e foi adicionada a suporte para defini\u00e7\u00e3o externa de vari\u00e1veis.\n<li class=\"l\"> Em elementos de listas do tipo set, foi permitido a adi\u00e7\u00e3o de coment\u00e1rios.\n<li class=\"l\"> No byte ratelimit, agora \u00e9 permitido especificar um valor zero.    <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58378\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.6, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.6, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables).\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-6\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.6 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.6, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables).\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-6\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-23T13:36:42+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-12-23T13:36:42+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Lan\u00e7amento do filtro de pacote nftables 1.0.6 | ProHoster","description":"Lan\u00e7ada a vers\u00e3o do filtro de pacotes nftables 1.0.6, unificando as interfaces de filtragem de pacotes para IPv4, IPv6, ARP e pontes de rede (destinado a substituir iptables, ip6tables, arptables e ebtables).","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-6","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pt_PT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.6 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.6, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables).","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-6","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2022-12-23T13:36:42+00:00","article:modified_time":"2022-12-23T13:36:42+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106246"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":164207,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106246\/revisions\/164207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}