{"id":107290,"date":"2023-03-15T12:48:19","date_gmt":"2023-03-15T10:48:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=107290"},"modified":"2023-03-16T20:30:08","modified_gmt":"2023-03-16T18:30:08","slug":"distributiv-fedora-linux-38-pereshyol-na-stadiyu-beta-testirovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/distributiv-fedora-linux-38-pereshyol-na-stadiyu-beta-testirovaniya","title":{"rendered":"A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o do Fedora Linux 38 entrou na fase de testes beta","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Iniciou-se o teste da vers\u00e3o beta da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Fedora Linux 38. O lan\u00e7amento beta marcou a transi\u00e7\u00e3o para a fase final de testes, onde s\u00e3o permitidas apenas corre\u00e7\u00f5es de erros cr\u00edticos. O lan\u00e7amento est\u00e1 previsto para 18 de abril. A vers\u00e3o abrange Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora Silverblue, Fedora IoT, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base e compila\u00e7\u00f5es Live fornecidas na forma de spins com ambientes de usu\u00e1rio KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie e Sway. As compila\u00e7\u00f5es foram geradas para arquiteturas x86_64, Power64 e ARM64 (AArch64).       <\/p>\n<p>As mudan\u00e7as mais significativas no Fedora Linux 38:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A primeira fase da transi\u00e7\u00e3o para um processo de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o modernizado, proposto por Lennart Poettering, foi implementada. As diferen\u00e7as em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00e1ssica se resumem ao uso de uma imagem de kernel unificada UKI (Unified Kernel Image), gerada na infraestrutura da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o e assinada digitalmente, em vez da imagem initrd, que era criada localmente durante a instala\u00e7\u00e3o do pacote do kernel. O UKI combina em um \u00fanico arquivo o stub de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o UEFI (UEFI boot stub), a imagem do kernel Linux e o ambiente inicial (initrd) carregado na mem\u00f3ria. Ao chamar a imagem UKI a partir do UEFI, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel verificar a integridade e a autenticidade, n\u00e3o apenas do kernel, mas tamb\u00e9m do conte\u00fado da initrd, cuja veracidade \u00e9 importante, pois \u00e9 nesse ambiente que s\u00e3o extra\u00eddas as chaves para descriptografar o sistema de arquivos raiz. Na primeira fase, o suporte ao UKI foi adicionado ao gerenciador de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o, e foram implementadas ferramentas para a instala\u00e7\u00e3o e atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o do UKI, al\u00e9m de ter sido gerada uma imagem experimental do UKI, focada na inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vps\/\"   title=\"m\u00e1quinas virtuais\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2143\">m\u00e1quinas virtuais<\/a> com um conjunto limitado de componentes e drivers.\n<li class=\"l\"> No gerenciador de pacotes RPM, foi utilizado o pacote Sequoia para o parsing de chaves e assinaturas digitais, que oferece uma implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do OpenPGP na linguagem Rust. Anteriormente, o RPM usava um c\u00f3digo pr\u00f3prio para o parsing do OpenPGP, que apresentava problemas e limita\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o resolvidos. O pacote rpm-sequoia foi adicionado como uma depend\u00eancia direta ao RPM, onde o suporte a algoritmos criptogr\u00e1ficos \u00e9 baseado na biblioteca Nettle, escrita em C (planeja-se oferecer a possibilidade de uso do OpenSSL).\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi realizado o primeiro est\u00e1gio da implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do novo gerenciador de pacotes Microdnf, que substitui o DNF atualmente utilizado. A ferramenta Microdnf foi amplamente atualizada e agora suporta todos os recursos principais do DNF, mas se destaca por sua alta performance e compacta\u00e7\u00e3o. A principal diferen\u00e7a entre Microdnf e DNF \u00e9 o uso da linguagem C para seu desenvolvimento, em vez de Python, o que elimina uma grande quantidade de depend\u00eancias. Outros benef\u00edcios do Microdnf incluem: uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o mais clara do progresso das opera\u00e7\u00f5es; uma implementa\u00e7\u00e3o aprimorada da tabela de transa\u00e7\u00f5es; a capacidade de incluir nas relat\u00f3rios de transa\u00e7\u00f5es informa\u00e7\u00f5es fornecidas por scripts embutidos nos pacotes (scriplets); suporte para uso de pacotes RPM locais em transa\u00e7\u00f5es; um sistema de autocompletar para bash mais avan\u00e7ado; e suporte para a execu\u00e7\u00e3o do comando builddep sem a necessidade de instalar Python no sistema.\n<li class=\"l\"> A \u00e1rea de trabalho no Fedora Workstation foi atualizada para a vers\u00e3o GNOME 44, que ser\u00e1 lan\u00e7ada em 22 de mar\u00e7o. Entre as novidades do GNOME 44 est\u00e3o: uma nova implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do bloqueio de tela e uma se\u00e7\u00e3o de \"aplicativos em segundo plano\" no menu de status.\n<li class=\"l\"> O ambiente de Desktop Xfce foi atualizado para a vers\u00e3o 4.18.\n<li class=\"l\"> Come\u00e7ou a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de builds com o ambiente de Desktop LXQt para a arquitetura AArch64.\n<li class=\"l\"> No gerenciador de exibi\u00e7\u00e3o SDDM, a interface de login que utiliza Wayland est\u00e1 ativada por padr\u00e3o. Essa mudan\u00e7a permite a migra\u00e7\u00e3o do gerenciador de login para Wayland nas builds com o desktop KDE.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nas builds com o desktop KDE, o assistente de configura\u00e7\u00e3o inicial foi removido, pois grande parte de suas funcionalidades n\u00e3o \u00e9 utilizada no KDE Spin e Kinoite, e a configura\u00e7\u00e3o inicial \u00e9 realizada durante a instala\u00e7\u00e3o pelo instalador Anaconda.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi concedido acesso total ao cat\u00e1logo de aplicativos Flathub (o filtro que removia pacotes n\u00e3o oficiais, programas propriet\u00e1rios e aplicativos com requisitos de licen\u00e7a restritivos foi desativado). Quando h\u00e1 pacotes flatpak e rpm com os mesmos programas, ao usar o GNOME Software, os pacotes Flatpak do projeto Fedora ser\u00e3o instalados em primeiro lugar, seguidos pelos pacotes RPM, e s\u00f3 depois os pacotes do Flathub.\n<li class=\"l\"> Come\u00e7ou a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de compila\u00e7\u00f5es para dispositivos m\u00f3veis, fornecidas com a interface Phosh, que se baseia nas tecnologias GNOME e na biblioteca GTK, utilizando o compositor Phoc, que funciona sobre o Wayland, al\u00e9m de seu pr\u00f3prio teclado na tela squeekboard. O ambiente foi inicialmente desenvolvido pela Purism como uma alternativa ao GNOME Shell para o smartphone Librem 5, mas depois passou a fazer parte de projetos n\u00e3o oficiais do GNOME e agora tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 usado no postmarketOS, Mobian e em alguns firmwares para dispositivos Pine64. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/\"   title=\"servidor\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">servidor<\/a> Adicionada a compila\u00e7\u00e3o Fedora Budgie Spin com a interface gr\u00e1fica Budgie, que se baseia nas tecnologias GNOME, no gerenciador de janelas Budgie Window Manager (BWM) e em sua pr\u00f3pria implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do GNOME Shell. A base do Budgie \u00e9 uma barra que se assemelha \u00e0 organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de trabalho das barras cl\u00e1ssicas de desktop. Todos os elementos da barra s\u00e3o applets, o que permite uma flex\u00edvel personaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da composi\u00e7\u00e3o, altera\u00e7\u00e3o de disposi\u00e7\u00e3o e substitui\u00e7\u00e3o das implementa\u00e7\u00f5es dos elementos principais da barra de acordo com sua prefer\u00eancia.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a compila\u00e7\u00e3o Fedora Sway Spin com o ambiente de usu\u00e1rio Sway, constru\u00eddo usando o protocolo Wayland e totalmente compat\u00edvel com o gerenciador de janelas em mosaico i3 e a barra de aplicativos i3bar. Para configurar um ambiente de usu\u00e1rio completo, s\u00e3o oferecidos componentes auxiliares: swayidle (processo em segundo plano com a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do protocolo KDE idle), swaylock (protetor de tela), mako (gerenciador de notifica\u00e7\u00f5es), grim (ferramenta de captura de tela), slurp (sele\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea na tela), wf-recorder (captura de v\u00eddeo), waybar (barra de aplicativos), virtboard (teclado na tela), wl-clipboard (gerenciamento de \u00e1rea de transfer\u00eancia), wallutils (gerenciamento de pap\u00e9is de parede).\n<li class=\"l\"> No instalador Anaconda, para suporte a RAID de software fornecido por firmwares (BIOS RAID, Firmware RAID, Fake RAID), a ferramenta mdadm foi utilizada em vez do dmraid.\n<li class=\"l\"> No instalador Anaconda, para suporte a RAID de software oferecido pelos firmwares (BIOS RAID, Firmware RAID, Fake RAID), a ferramenta mdadm foi implementada em vez do dmraid.\n<li class=\"l\"> Um instalador simplificado foi adicionado para a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de imagens com a edi\u00e7\u00e3o IoT do Fedora em dispositivos de Internet das Coisas. O instalador \u00e9 baseado no coreos-installer e utiliza a c\u00f3pia direta da imagem pronta OStree sem intera\u00e7\u00e3o do usu\u00e1rio.\n<li class=\"l\"> As imagens Live foram modernizadas, agora oferecendo suporte para ativa\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica da camada de armazenamento persistente ao inicializar a partir de uma unidade USB.\n<li class=\"l\"> No servidor X e no Xwayland, por quest\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a potenciais, a conex\u00e3o de clientes de sistemas com ordens de bytes diferentes est\u00e1 desativada por padr\u00e3o.\n<li class=\"l\"> No compilador, as flags padr\u00e3o &#171;-fno-omit-frame-pointer&#187; e &#171;-mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer&#187; est\u00e3o ativadas, ampliando as capacidades de profilagem e depura\u00e7\u00e3o, al\u00e9m de permitir diagnosticar problemas de desempenho sem a necessidade de recompilar pacotes.\n<li class=\"l\"> Garantiu-se a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes com a inclus\u00e3o do modo de prote\u00e7\u00e3o \"_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3\", que identifica poss\u00edveis estouros de buffer durante a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de fun\u00e7\u00f5es de string definidas no arquivo de cabe\u00e7alho string.h. A diferen\u00e7a em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao modo \"_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2\" reside em verifica\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais. Teoricamente, as verifica\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais podem levar a uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o de desempenho, mas, na pr\u00e1tica, os testes SPEC2000 e SPEC2017 n\u00e3o mostraram diferen\u00e7as, e durante os testes, n\u00e3o houve reclama\u00e7\u00f5es dos usu\u00e1rios sobre redu\u00e7\u00e3o de desempenho.\n<li class=\"l\"> O temporizador de encerramento for\u00e7ado das unidades systemd durante o desligamento foi reduzido de 2 minutos para 45 segundos.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi realizada uma reestrutura\u00e7\u00e3o dos pacotes com a plataforma Node.js. Agora \u00e9 poss\u00edvel instalar diferentes ramifica\u00e7\u00f5es do Node.js ao mesmo tempo no sistema (por exemplo, agora \u00e9 poss\u00edvel instalar os pacotes nodejs-16, nodejs-18 e nodejs-20 simultaneamente).\n<li class=\"l\"> As vers\u00f5es dos pacotes foram atualizadas, incluindo Ruby 3.2, gcc 13, LLVM 16, Golang 1.20, PHP 8.2, binutils 2.39, glibc 2.37, gdb 12.1, GNU Make 4.4, cups-filters 2.0b, TeXLive 2022, ImageMagick 7, PostgreSQL 15.            <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58794\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 38. \u0411\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 18 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora Silverblue, Fedora IoT, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base \u0438 Live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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