{"id":112481,"date":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","slug":"v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"No Fedora, pretende-se unir o conte\u00fado dos diret\u00f3rios \/usr\/bin e \/usr\/sbin.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

No lan\u00e7amento do Fedora 40, foi proposta a unifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos conte\u00fados dos diret\u00f3rios \/usr\/bin e \/usr\/sbin, substituindo o diret\u00f3rio \/usr\/sbin por um link simb\u00f3lico que aponta para \/usr\/bin. A transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de \/bin e \/sbin em links simb\u00f3licos para \/usr\/bin e \/usr\/sbin foi realizada em 2012 no Fedora 17. Ap\u00f3s a centraliza\u00e7\u00e3o de todos os arquivos execut\u00e1veis em um s\u00f3 lugar, a men\u00e7\u00e3o ao diret\u00f3rio \/usr\/sbin ser\u00e1 removida da vari\u00e1vel de ambiente PATH. A proposta ainda est\u00e1 em discuss\u00e3o e n\u00e3o foi analisada pelo comit\u00ea FESCo (Fedora Engineering Steering Committee), respons\u00e1vel pela parte t\u00e9cnica do desenvolvimento da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Fedora. <\/p>\n

Observa-se que a separa\u00e7\u00e3o de arquivos execut\u00e1veis em diret\u00f3rios bin e sbin \u00e9 uma pr\u00e1tica obsoleta que perdeu sentido nas distribui\u00e7\u00f5es modernas. Originalmente, esperava-se que o sbin abrigasse os arquivos execut\u00e1veis mais importantes, compilados estaticamente e adequados para serem chamados em modo de recupera\u00e7\u00e3o, como em casos de corrup\u00e7\u00e3o de parte do sistema de arquivos ou indisponibilidade da parti\u00e7\u00e3o \/usr. No Fedora, h\u00e1 muito tempo o conte\u00fado de sbin n\u00e3o \u00e9 compilado estaticamente, e o conte\u00fado realmente est\u00e1 localizado na parti\u00e7\u00e3o \/usr, e n\u00e3o na parti\u00e7\u00e3o raiz. <\/p>\n

A separa\u00e7\u00e3o entre sbin e bin tamb\u00e9m foi aplicada para distinguir programas para administradores e usu\u00e1rios comuns, mas os crit\u00e9rios para colocar programas em sbin ou bin s\u00e3o bastante confusos, e h\u00e1 muitos anos, na maioria das distribui\u00e7\u00f5es, a vari\u00e1vel de ambiente PATH para todos os usu\u00e1rios inclui tanto \/usr\/bin quanto \/usr\/sbin (o systemd, por padr\u00e3o, adiciona ambos os diret\u00f3rios ao PATH de todos os usu\u00e1rios e servi\u00e7os). Assim, na pr\u00e1tica, a separa\u00e7\u00e3o entre bin e sbin h\u00e1 muito n\u00e3o \u00e9 aplicada e apenas complica quando \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio usar o caminho absoluto para um arquivo execut\u00e1vel, especialmente em situa\u00e7\u00f5es onde diferentes distribui\u00e7\u00f5es distribuem os arquivos execut\u00e1veis de maneiras distintas entre os diret\u00f3rios bin e sbin. <\/p>\n

A unifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos diret\u00f3rios bin e sbin facilitar\u00e1 o trabalho de quem mant\u00e9m os pacotes, que n\u00e3o ter\u00e1 que adivinhar em qual diret\u00f3rio colocar o arquivo execut\u00e1vel; tornar\u00e1 o sistema mais previs\u00edvel e compreens\u00edvel para os usu\u00e1rios; aumentar\u00e1 a compatibilidade com outras distribui\u00e7\u00f5es (por exemplo, na Fedora a ferramenta ip est\u00e1 em sbin, enquanto na Debian est\u00e1 em bin; ap\u00f3s a unifica\u00e7\u00e3o, o caminho t\u00edpico da Debian funcionar\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m na Fedora); tornar\u00e1 a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o mais compat\u00edvel com o Arch Linux, que j\u00e1 uniu sbin e bin em 2013; reduzir\u00e1 o n\u00famero de verifica\u00e7\u00f5es de diret\u00f3rios ao executar execvp() e chamadas semelhantes (ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio percorrer apenas um diret\u00f3rio, e n\u00e3o dois); facilitar\u00e1 a busca em logs e a an\u00e1lise da sa\u00edda de utilit\u00e1rios como strace.
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 Fedora 40 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \/usr\/sbin \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/bin \u0438 \/sbin \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 2012 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 Fedora 17. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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