{"id":114593,"date":"2024-03-27T00:25:46","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T22:25:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/distributiv-fedora-linux-40-pereshyol-na-stadiyu-beta-testirovaniya"},"modified":"2024-03-27T00:25:46","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T22:25:46","slug":"distributiv-fedora-linux-40-pereshyol-na-stadiyu-beta-testirovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/distributiv-fedora-linux-40-pereshyol-na-stadiyu-beta-testirovaniya","title":{"rendered":"A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Fedora Linux 40 entrou na fase de beta-teste","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Come\u00e7ou o teste da vers\u00e3o beta da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Fedora Linux 40. O lan\u00e7amento beta marcou a transi\u00e7\u00e3o para a fase final de testes, onde apenas corre\u00e7\u00f5es de erros cr\u00edticos s\u00e3o permitidas. O lan\u00e7amento est\u00e1 agendado para 23 de abril. A vers\u00e3o abrange o Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora Silverblue, Fedora IoT, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora Onyx e vers\u00f5es Live disponibilizadas na forma de spins com ambientes personalizados como KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie e Sway. As compila\u00e7\u00f5es foram formadas para as arquiteturas x86_64, Power64 e ARM64 (AArch64).       <\/p>\n<p>As mudan\u00e7as mais significativas no Fedora Linux 40:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A \u00e1rea de trabalho no Fedora Workstation foi atualizada para a vers\u00e3o GNOME 46.\n<li class=\"l\"> A edi\u00e7\u00e3o com \u00e1rea de trabalho KDE foi atualizada para a vers\u00e3o KDE 6, que utiliza o protocolo Wayland. O suporte para sess\u00f5es baseadas no protocolo X11 foi descontinuado, e para executar aplicativos X11 em uma sess\u00e3o baseada no Wayland, foi utilizado o servidor DDX XWayland. A raz\u00e3o para a descontinua\u00e7\u00e3o do suporte para sess\u00f5es com X11 \u00e9 a categoriza\u00e7\u00e3o do servidor X.Org no RHEL 9 como obsoleto e a decis\u00e3o de remov\u00ea-lo completamente em uma futura vers\u00e3o significativa do RHEL 10. Entre os fatores que contribu\u00edram para a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o apenas do suporte ao Wayland est\u00e1 a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o, realizada no Fedora 36, dos drivers fbdev pelos drivers simpledrm, que funcionam corretamente com o Wayland, assim como o surgimento do suporte ao Wayland nos drivers propriet\u00e1rios da NVIDIA.\n<li class=\"l\"> Distribui\u00e7\u00f5es de usu\u00e1rio atualiz\u00e1veis de forma at\u00f4mica, desenvolvidas pelo projeto Fedora, foram unificadas sob a marca Atomic Desktops, mas as compila\u00e7\u00f5es at\u00f4micas existentes mantiveram seu antigo nome. Assim, o Fedora Silverblue baseado em GNOME e o Fedora Kinoite baseado em KDE, bem como o Fedora CoreOS e o Fedora IoT, mantiveram seus nomes antigos, enquanto novas compila\u00e7\u00f5es Fedora Sericea e Fedora Onyx agora s\u00e3o distribu\u00eddas sob os nomes Fedora Sway Atomic e Fedora Budgie Atomic.\n<li class=\"l\"> As vers\u00f5es dos pacotes foram atualizadas, incluindo LLVM 18, GCC 14, binutils 2.41, glibc 2.39, gdb 14.1, PHP 8.3, Ruby 3.3, Go 1.22, Java 21, AMD ROCm 6, Boost 1.83, 389 Directory Server 3.0.0, Podman 5, PostgreSQL 16, TBB (Thread Building Blocks) 2021.8, SQLAlchemy 2, Kubernetes 1.29.\n<li class=\"l\"> No configurador do NetworkManager, o mecanismo de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de conflitos de endere\u00e7os IPv4 na rede local (RFC 5227) est\u00e1 ativado por padr\u00e3o, que envolve o envio de um pacote ARP de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o antes da atribui\u00e7\u00e3o de um endere\u00e7o \u00e0 interface de rede (se uma resposta for recebida, significa que o endere\u00e7o est\u00e1 ocupado e n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 atribu\u00eddo). Para conex\u00f5es sem fio, \u00e9 garantida a atribui\u00e7\u00e3o de um endere\u00e7o MAC fixo separado (modo stable-ssid no NetworkManager).\n<li class=\"l\">  As ferramentas de desenvolvimento Mock (mock-core-configs), Koji e Copr foram atualizadas para usar o gerenciador de pacotes DNF 5 para instalar as depend\u00eancias de compila\u00e7\u00e3o no ambiente chroot utilizado durante a compila\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes. A migra\u00e7\u00e3o do pr\u00f3prio sistema operacional para o DNF 5 \u00e9 esperada na pr\u00f3xima vers\u00e3o.\n<li class=\"l\"> No gerenciador de pacotes DNF, a carga de metadados com listas de arquivos contidos nos pacotes est\u00e1 desativada por padr\u00e3o. Esses dados s\u00e3o raramente utilizados, mas t\u00eam um tamanho grande e diminuem a performance.\n<li class=\"l\"> O pacote com a biblioteca OpenSSL 1.1 foi removido devido ao fim do suporte para esta vers\u00e3o. As depend\u00eancias vinculadas ao OpenSSL 1.1 foram migradas para OpenSSL 3.0. O pacote python3.7 foi removido.\n<li class=\"l\"> A biblioteca Zlib foi substitu\u00edda pelo fork Zlib-ng, compat\u00edvel com zlib a n\u00edvel de API, mas que oferece otimiza\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais para melhorar o desempenho.\n<li class=\"l\"> A forma\u00e7\u00e3o de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es delta para pacotes RPM foi interrompida, permitindo o download apenas dos dados alterados em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 vers\u00e3o j\u00e1 instalada do pacote durante as atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es. O suporte a deltarpm foi desativado no DNF e DNF5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Addicionado o Passim, que faz cache <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/\"   title=\"servidor\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">servidor<\/a> para a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de arquivos frequentemente solicitados na rede local sem acesso direto aos servidores principais e sem utilizar CDNs globais.\n<li class=\"l\"> O m\u00f3dulo pam_userdb foi migrado do uso do BerkeleyDB para o GDBM devido ao fim do suporte \u00e0 vers\u00e3o 5.x do BerkeleyDB, al\u00e9m da migra\u00e7\u00e3o da vers\u00e3o 6.x do BerkeleyDB para uma licen\u00e7a inaceit\u00e1vel. O Bogofilter foi adaptado para usar SQLite em vez do BerkeleyDB (libdb).\n<li class=\"l\"> Para a montagem de imagens Live do Fedora Workstation, foi utilizado o conjunto de ferramentas Image Builder, que suporta compila\u00e7\u00f5es repet\u00edveis e oferece aos usu\u00e1rios um processo de personaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de imagens mais simples.\n<li class=\"l\"> Para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de imagens m\u00ednimas para a arquitetura ARM, foi utilizado o conjunto de ferramentas osbuild.\n<li class=\"l\"> Para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de imagens do Fedora Cloud Edition, o conjunto de ferramentas Kiwi foi empregado em vez do ImageFactory.\n<li class=\"l\"> Os pacotes para o Kubernetes foram reestruturados.\n<li class=\"l\"> Fedora IoT, uma edi\u00e7\u00e3o para dispositivos da Internet das Coisas, passou a utilizar containers de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o formados com a ferramenta OSTree e a tecnologia boot.\n<li class=\"l\"> A ferramenta wget foi substitu\u00edda por wget2 e a ferramenta iotop por iotop-c.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nas edi\u00e7\u00f5es Fedora Silverblue e Kinoite, foi inclu\u00eddo o software bootupd, que realiza a atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o do carregador de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o.\n<li class=\"l\"> A biblioteca libuser foi declarada obsoleta, pois n\u00e3o recebe mais suporte e n\u00e3o \u00e9 utilizada em outros pacotes Fedora (o suporte ao LDAP \u00e9 feito h\u00e1 muito tempo com SSSD). O pacote passwd, que implementava a ferramenta passwd baseada em libuser, foi removido, sendo substitu\u00eddo pela ferramenta correspondente do pacote shadow-utils.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi realizado o trabalho preparat\u00f3rio para incluir por padr\u00e3o no GCC uma vers\u00e3o mais nova do padr\u00e3o da linguagem C, o que marcar\u00e1 o fim do suporte padr\u00e3o a algumas funcionalidades obsoletas da linguagem, como a defini\u00e7\u00e3o impl\u00edcita de fun\u00e7\u00f5es e a atribui\u00e7\u00e3o impl\u00edcita do tipo int.\n<li class=\"l\">  Foi implementada a segunda fase da transi\u00e7\u00e3o para um processo de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o moderno, proposto por Lennart Poettering. As diferen\u00e7as em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00e1ssica consistem na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o, em vez da imagem initrd, que \u00e9 formada no sistema local ao instalar o pacote do kernel, de uma imagem de kernel unificada UKI (Unified Kernel Image), gerada na infraestrutura da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o e assinada digitalmente pela distribui\u00e7\u00e3o. A imagem UKI combina em um \u00fanico arquivo o stub de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do kernel a partir do UEFI (UEFI boot stub), a imagem do kernel Linux e o ambiente de sistema initrd carregado na mem\u00f3ria. Ao invocar a imagem UKI a partir do UEFI, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel verificar a integridade e a autenticidade n\u00e3o apenas do kernel, mas tamb\u00e9m do conte\u00fado do initrd, cuja verifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 importante, pois \u00e9 nesse ambiente que se extraem as chaves para a descriptografia do sistema de arquivos raiz.\n<p>Na segunda fase, foi adicionada a capacidade de inicializar diretamente a UKI a partir do m\u00f3dulo UEFI shim.efi sem a necessidade de um carregador separado (grub, sd-boot), e foi implementado suporte ao uso de UKI em sistemas com arquitetura Aarch64, al\u00e9m de preparado um variant da imagem UKI para ambientes de nuvem e seguros. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vps\/\"   title=\"m\u00e1quinas virtuais\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2042\">m\u00e1quinas virtuais<\/a>Na primeira fase do Fedora 38, foi adicionada suporte ao UKI no carregador de sistema, ferramentas foram implementadas para instala\u00e7\u00e3o e atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o do UKI, e uma imagem experimental do UKI foi criada para o carregamento de m\u00e1quinas virtuais com um conjunto limitado de componentes e drivers.     <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionado ao reposit\u00f3rio um pacote pronto com o framework de aprendizado de m\u00e1quina PyTorch, dispon\u00edvel para instala\u00e7\u00e3o com o comando &#171;dnf install pytorch&#187;. Atualmente, o pacote inclui apenas componentes para c\u00e1lculos utilizando a CPU, mas em lan\u00e7amentos futuros planejam adicionar suporte para utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de GPU e aceleradores NPU especializados.                  <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60852\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 40. \u0411\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 23 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora Silverblue, Fedora IoT, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora Onyx \u0438 Live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 K \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438DE Plasma [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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O lan\u00e7amento beta marcou a transi\u00e7\u00e3o para a fase final de testes, onde apenas corre\u00e7\u00f5es de erros cr\u00edticos s\u00e3o permitidas.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/distributiv-fedora-linux-40-pereshyol-na-stadiyu-beta-testirovaniya","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pt_PT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Fedora Linux 40 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0451\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044e 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