{"id":114784,"date":"2024-04-04T12:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T10:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-instrumentariev-dlya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-6-0-incus-6-0-i-lxd-5-21-1"},"modified":"2024-04-04T12:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T10:25:42","slug":"vypusk-instrumentariev-dlya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-6-0-incus-6-0-i-lxd-5-21-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-instrumentariev-dlya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-6-0-incus-6-0-i-lxd-5-21-1","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento das ferramentas para gerenciamento de cont\u00eaineres LXC 6.0, Incus 6.0 e LXD 5.21.1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A comunidade Linux Containers lan\u00e7ou a vers\u00e3o da ferramenta para organizar o funcionamento de cont\u00eaineres isolados LXC 6.0, que fornece um runtime adequado tanto para executar cont\u00eaineres com um ambiente de sistema completo, semelhantes a m\u00e1quinas virtuais, quanto para executar cont\u00eaineres n\u00e3o privilegiados de aplicativos individuais (OCI). O LXC pertence a ferramentas de baixo n\u00edvel, operando no n\u00edvel de cont\u00eaineres individuais. Para a gest\u00e3o centralizada de cont\u00eaineres implantados em um cluster de v\u00e1rios servidores, sistemas como Incus e LXD est\u00e3o sendo desenvolvidos com base no LXC. O ramo LXC 6.0 \u00e9 classificado como uma vers\u00e3o de longo suporte, com atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es sendo fornecidas por 5 anos (at\u00e9 2029). O c\u00f3digo do LXC \u00e9 escrito na linguagem C e \u00e9 distribu\u00eddo sob a licen\u00e7a GPLv2.    <\/p>\n<p>O LXC inclui a biblioteca liblxc, um conjunto de utilit\u00e1rios (lxc-create, lxc-start, lxc-stop, lxc-ls, etc.), templates para constru\u00e7\u00e3o de cont\u00eaineres e um conjunto de bindings para v\u00e1rias linguagens de programa\u00e7\u00e3o. A isola\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 realizada atrav\u00e9s dos mecanismos nativos do n\u00facleo Linux. Para a isola\u00e7\u00e3o de processos, pilha de rede ipc, uts, identificadores de usu\u00e1rios e pontos de montagem, \u00e9 utilizado o mecanismo de namespaces. Para limitar recursos, s\u00e3o utilizados cgroups. Para reduzir privil\u00e9gios e limitar acesso, s\u00e3o usadas funcionalidades do n\u00facleo como perfis Apparmor e SELinux, pol\u00edticas Seccomp, Chroots (pivot_root) e capabilities.       <\/p>\n<p>Principais mudan\u00e7as:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi introduzida a possibilidade de compilar um arquivo execut\u00e1vel universal lxc, combinando em uma \u00fanica ferramenta todos os comandos anteriormente distribu\u00eddos como utilit\u00e1rios separados &#171;lxc-*&#187;. Para compilar o execut\u00e1vel consolidado, foi proposta a op\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;tools-multicall=true&#187;, ao configurar a qual todos os antigos utilit\u00e1rios separados s\u00e3o criados como links simb\u00f3licos para a ferramenta lxc. A compila\u00e7\u00e3o em um \u00fanico arquivo execut\u00e1vel permite uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o significativa no consumo de espa\u00e7o em disco pela ferramenta, o que \u00e9 relevante para sistemas embarcados.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionada \u00e0 biblioteca liblxc a fun\u00e7\u00e3o set_timeout, permitindo definir um tempo limite para qualquer opera\u00e7\u00e3o de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o monitor do LXC.\n<li class=\"l\"> No interface das pontes de rede lxcbr0, a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o por padr\u00e3o foi realizada <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"suporte a IPv6\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"382\">suporte a IPv6<\/a>  com a atribui\u00e7\u00e3o de endere\u00e7os da sub-rede IPv6 ULA (Unique Local Address).\n<li class=\"l\"> Na ferramenta lxc-usernsexec, foram adicionadas as op\u00e7\u00f5es &#171;-u&#187; e &#171;-g&#187; para alterar os identificadores de usu\u00e1rio e de grupo (UID e GID).\n<li class=\"l\"> Na ferramenta lxc-checkconfig, a vers\u00e3o \u00e9 exibida apenas na presen\u00e7a do comando lxc-start, e foi adicionada uma informa\u00e7\u00e3o sobre o n\u00famero m\u00e1ximo permitido de cada tipo de espa\u00e7o de nomes.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionada a compatibilidade com imagens de cont\u00eainer no formato OCI, nas quais a compress\u00e3o das informa\u00e7\u00f5es utiliza o sistema de arquivos Squashfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Para interagir com o systemd atrav\u00e9s do D-Bus, foi utilizada uma biblioteca separada libdbus-1 em vez da libsystemd.\n<li class=\"l\"> O suporte ao sistema de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o Upstart foi descontinuado.    <\/ul>\n<p>Foi lan\u00e7ado simultaneamente um release do projeto Incus, no qual a comunidade Linux Containers desenvolve um fork do sistema de gerenciamento de containers LXD, criado pela antiga equipe de desenvolvedores que, um dia, criou o LXD. O c\u00f3digo do Incus \u00e9 escrito na linguagem Go e \u00e9 distribu\u00eddo sob a licen\u00e7a Apache 2.0. O Incus 6.0 \u00e9 posicionado como a primeira branch est\u00e1vel para a qual um ciclo de atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o prolongado (LTS) ser\u00e1 assegurado. Entre as mudan\u00e7as no Incus 6.0 destaca-se a possibilidade de criar interfaces de rede atrav\u00e9s da API bridge.external_interfaces, melhorias no suporte \u00e0 autentica\u00e7\u00e3o via JWT (JSON Web Token), suporte a USB e exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de informa\u00e7\u00f5es detalhadas do sistema no comando &#171;incus info &#8212;resources&#187;, suporte \u00e0 vers\u00e3o do LXD 5.21 na ferramenta lxd-to-incus.      <\/p>\n<p>O Incus e o LXD oferecem ferramentas para o gerenciamento centralizado de containers e m\u00e1quinas virtuais, implementadas tanto em um \u00fanico host quanto em um cluster de v\u00e1rios. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/\"   title=\"servidores\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1492\">servidores<\/a>. O projeto \u00e9 realizado na forma de um processo em segundo plano, que aceita solicita\u00e7\u00f5es pela rede atrav\u00e9s da API REST e suporta v\u00e1rios backends de armazenamento (\u00e1rvore de diret\u00f3rios, ZFS, Btrfs, LVM), snapshots com cortes de estado, migra\u00e7\u00e3o ao vivo de containers em execu\u00e7\u00e3o de uma m\u00e1quina para outra e ferramentas para armazenamento de imagens de containers. O runtime utilizado para executar os containers \u00e9 a ferramenta LXC. A isolamento \u00e9 realizado atrav\u00e9s dos mecanismos padr\u00f5es do kernel do Linux (namespaces, cgroups, Apparmor, SELinux, Seccomp).     <\/p>\n<p>A comunidade Linux Containers supervisionou o desenvolvimento do LXD at\u00e9 que a Canonical decidiu transformar o LXD em um projeto corporativo. O objetivo do fork \u00e9 fornecer uma alternativa gerenciada pela comunidade independente ao projeto LXD, que \u00e9 controlado pela Canonical. A cria\u00e7\u00e3o do Incus tamb\u00e9m possibilitou abordar algumas falhas conceituais que foram cometidas no desenvolvimento do LXD, que anteriormente n\u00e3o podiam ser corrigidas sem comprometer a compatibilidade retroativa.             <\/p>\n<p>A Canonical lan\u00e7ou uma nova vers\u00e3o do sistema de gerenciamento de cont\u00eaineres LXD 5.21.1. A vers\u00e3o LXD 5.21 \u00e9 marcada como LTS e ser\u00e1 suportada at\u00e9 junho de 2029. O c\u00f3digo adicionado ao LXD pelos funcion\u00e1rios da Canonical \u00e9 disponibilizado sob a licen\u00e7a AGPLv3, mas o c\u00f3digo de colaboradores externos, sobre o qual a Canonical n\u00e3o possui direitos de propriedade, permanece sob a licen\u00e7a Apache 2.0. Entre as mudan\u00e7as funcionais no LXD 5.21.1, destaca-se a mudan\u00e7a do pacote snap do LXD para os ramos LXC 6.0 e LXCFS 6.0. A API recebeu a extens\u00e3o storage_volumes_all e um manipulador relacionado em \/1.0\/storage_volumes para listar todas as divis\u00f5es de armazenamento. Foi adicionada a extens\u00e3o instances_files_modify_permissions para modificar permiss\u00f5es de acesso a arquivos existentes via API.        <\/p>\n<p>Est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel o release do sistema de arquivos virtual LXCFS 6.0, utilizado para simular em containers o pseudo-sistema de arquivos \/proc e \/sys, assim como para a representa\u00e7\u00e3o virtual do cgroupfs para distribui\u00e7\u00f5es sem suporte a namespaces de cgroup. Na nova vers\u00e3o, foi adicionada a op\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;&#8212;enable-cgroup&#187;, que permite gerenciar a habilita\u00e7\u00e3o da funcionalidade embutida para criar a \u00e1rvore virtual de cgroupfs para containers, utilizando cgroupv1 (atualmente, a maioria das distribui\u00e7\u00f5es suporta os namespaces de cgroup fornecidos pelo kernel, portanto, a habilita\u00e7\u00e3o por padr\u00e3o da implementa\u00e7\u00e3o alternativa embutida perdeu sentido e agora \u00e9 opcional). Al\u00e9m disso, no LXCFS 6.0 foi interrompida a filtragem de CPU na forma\u00e7\u00e3o do arquivo \/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu, dependendo do estado online\/offline.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60922\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Linux Containers \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXC 6.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 runtime, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (OCI). LXC \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0437 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Linux Containers \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 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