{"id":114805,"date":"2024-04-05T18:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T16:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-openbsd-7-5"},"modified":"2024-04-05T18:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-05T16:25:42","slug":"vypusk-openbsd-7-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-openbsd-7-5","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do OpenBSD 7.5","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Foi lan\u00e7ado o OpenBSD 7.5, um sistema operacional livre e semelhante ao UNIX. O projeto OpenBSD foi fundado por Theo de Raadt em 1995, ap\u00f3s um conflito com os desenvolvedores do NetBSD, que resultou na revoga\u00e7\u00e3o do acesso de Theo ao reposit\u00f3rio CVS do NetBSD. Ap\u00f3s isso, Theo de Raadt, com um grupo de colaboradores, criou um novo sistema operacional aberto baseado na \u00e1rvore de c\u00f3digos-fonte do NetBSD, cujos principais objetivos de desenvolvimento s\u00e3o portabilidade (suporte a 13 plataformas de hardware), padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o, opera\u00e7\u00e3o correta, seguran\u00e7a proativa e recursos criptogr\u00e1ficos integrados. O tamanho da imagem ISO completa de instala\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema b\u00e1sico OpenBSD 7.5 \u00e9 de 630 MB.       <\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m do sistema operacional em si, o projeto OpenBSD \u00e9 conhecido por seus componentes, que se tornaram populares em outros sistemas e se destacaram como algumas das solu\u00e7\u00f5es mais seguras e de alta qualidade. Entre eles est\u00e3o: LibreSSL (um fork do OpenSSL), OpenSSH, o filtro de pacotes PF, os dem\u00f4nios de roteamento OpenBGPD e OpenOSPFD, o servidor NTP OpenNTPD, o servidor de e-mail OpenSMTPD, o multiplexador de terminal de texto (an\u00e1logo ao GNU screen) tmux, o dem\u00f4nio identd com implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do protocolo IDENT, a alternativa BSDL ao pacote GNU groff \u2014 mandoc, o protocolo para organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas tolerantes a falhas CARP (Common Address Redundancy Protocol), e um servidor http leve, al\u00e9m da ferramenta de sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o de arquivos OpenRSYNC.          <\/p>\n<p>Principais melhorias:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> O instalador agora suporta a criptografia da parti\u00e7\u00e3o raiz. No modo de instala\u00e7\u00e3o automatizada (autoinstall), \u00e9 dada a op\u00e7\u00e3o de habilitar a criptografia de discos com a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de uma senha em texto claro ou fornecendo chaves em um meio separado. As compiliza\u00e7\u00f5es para a arquitetura AMD64 cdXX.iso e installXX.iso foram adaptadas para inicializar no modo EFI.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionado o syscall pinsyscalls, permitindo o acesso a syscalls apenas de locais espec\u00edficos no espa\u00e7o de endere\u00e7amento do processo. O kernel e ld.so podem registrar o local exato de entrada em cada syscall usada pelo programa e pela biblioteca libc.so, para posterior bloqueio do envio de syscalls de locais n\u00e3o registrados.\n<li class=\"l\"> O suporte a chamadas indiretas de syscalls via fun\u00e7\u00e3o syscall foi removido. Combinado com pinsyscalls, essa mudan\u00e7a permite proibir o acesso direto a syscalls sem utilizar as camadas fornecidas pela libc. Pacotes que cont\u00eam chamadas diretas para syscalls, como Perl e Go, foram modificados para usar apenas fun\u00e7\u00f5es da libc.\n<li class=\"l\"> Em sistemas ARM64, foi ampliado o uso de mecanismos de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o de ponteiros (PAC \u2014 Pointer Authentication) e identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de ramifica\u00e7\u00f5es (BTI \u2014 Branch Target Identification).\n<li class=\"l\"> O interface de rede ppp adicionou <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"suporte a IPv6\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"385\">suporte a IPv6<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na ferramenta netstat, foi implementada a exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de estat\u00edsticas sobre a efic\u00e1cia do cache de rotas (na sa\u00edda 'netstat -s' agora s\u00e3o mostrados contadores de acertos e erros do cache).\n<li class=\"l\"> No filtro de pacotes pf, foram considerados os \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445. Ao executar a ferramenta tcpdump com a interface de rede pflog, \u00e9 garantida a exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes descartados ao acionar a regra padr\u00e3o com a\u00e7\u00e3o 'block'. Para regras com a\u00e7\u00e3o 'pass', \u00e9 garantida a exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes n\u00e3o v\u00e1lidos bloqueados. No divert, foi adicionada uma verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de corre\u00e7\u00e3o na configura\u00e7\u00e3o das op\u00e7\u00f5es em pacotes IPv4.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi aprimorado o suporte para sistemas multiprocessadores (SMP). Os manipuladores de tempo limite no stack de rede, a contagem de pacotes para a interface loopback e o m\u00f3dulo vscsi_filtops foram convertidos em mp-safe. Foi possibilitada a execu\u00e7\u00e3o paralela das chamadas de sistema bind e connect, bem como opera\u00e7\u00f5es com tabelas UDP para IPv4 e IPv6. Adicionou-se suporte ao envio simult\u00e2neo de pacotes UDP a partir de diferentes threads.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi aprimorado o tratamento de situa\u00e7\u00f5es de estouro da \u00e1rea de swap, com altera\u00e7\u00f5es para evitar deadlocks.\n<li class=\"l\"> No n\u00facleo para sistemas arm64, foi implementado o cache do conte\u00fado dos pools de tabelas de p\u00e1ginas de mem\u00f3ria e dos descritores PTE, o que acelerou significativamente o funcionamento em sistemas multicore.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foram feitas melhorias no hypervisor VMM. A implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do dispositivo vionet foi reescrita para suportar multithreading e a transfer\u00eancia de dados entre o host e o sistema convidado no modo zero-copy, sem bufferiza\u00e7\u00e3o intermedi\u00e1ria. A estabilidade do hypervisor foi aumentada em sistemas com instru\u00e7\u00f5es Intel VMX. Foi adicionada prote\u00e7\u00e3o adicional contra vulnerabilidades recentemente descobertas em processadores relacionadas \u00e0 execu\u00e7\u00e3o especulativa de instru\u00e7\u00f5es e vazamentos de dados residuais dos registradores.\n<li class=\"l\"> Para sistemas amd64, foi adicionado o sysctl machdep.retpoline para gerenciar a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o do mecanismo retpoline como prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra ataques da classe Spectre.\n<li class=\"l\"> A implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do framework drm (Direct Rendering Manager) foi sincronizada com o kernel Linux 6.6.19 (na vers\u00e3o anterior \u2014 6.1.55).\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionado suporte a novos dispositivos e novos drivers relacionados a componentes de diferentes SoCs, suporte a controladores Ethernet e a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00f5es de rede do lado das placas de rede.\n<li class=\"l\"> No subsistema de \u00e1udio uaudio, foi permitida a conex\u00e3o de m\u00faltiplos drivers para dispositivos de som.\n<li class=\"l\"> Drivers apldcp e apldrm foram adicionados para controladores de display utilizados em dispositivos Apple. Para o Apple Powerbook, foi implementada a possibilidade de controlar a retroilumina\u00e7\u00e3o do teclado.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionado o driver qwx para chips wireless Qualcomm IEEE 802.11ax, criado atrav\u00e9s do porting do driver ath11k do kernel Linux (incluso no kernel a partir da vers\u00e3o 5.6). O driver permite ativar adaptadores wireless utilizados em notebooks como Lenovo ThinkPad X13s e DELL XPS 9500. Para o funcionamento do driver, \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria a instala\u00e7\u00e3o dos arquivos de firmware.\n<li class=\"l\"> A ferramenta pax foi atualizada para permitir grava\u00e7\u00e3o em arquivos pax, e a ferramenta tar agora suporta arquivos pax de mais de 8 GB.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na ferramenta ifconfig, foi adicionada a capacidade de especificar n\u00fameros de porta para interfaces de rede relacionadas a t\u00faneis, como gif e gre.\n<li class=\"l\"> No bgpd, o mecanismo de transmiss\u00e3o de mensagens e a maioria dos parsers de protocolo foram convertidos para a nova API de manipula\u00e7\u00e3o segura de mem\u00f3ria.\n<li class=\"l\"> No rpki-client, foi adicionada a suporte experimental ao algoritmo de assinatura digital P-256. Implementada a capacidade de restringir a a\u00e7\u00e3o do RPKI Trust Anchor a n\u00fameros espec\u00edficos de sistemas aut\u00f4nomos. Suporte a listas de prefixos assinados RPKI (Signed Prefix List) foi adicionado.\n<li class=\"l\"> No smtpd, foi adicionada a suporte ao RFC 7505 ('Null MX' para identifica\u00e7\u00e3o. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/domain\/\"   title=\"dom\u00ednios\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3157\">dom\u00ednios<\/a>Foi fornecida a possibilidade de instala\u00e7\u00e3o do ambiente personalizado KDE Plasma 5.27 a partir dos pacotes kde-plasma e kde-plasma-extra (ap\u00f3s o t\u00e9rmino do apoio ao KDE4, o suporte ao ambiente de desktop KDE Plasma 5 ainda permaneceu inoperante no OpenBSD). As vers\u00f5es oferecidas para instala\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o KDE Plasma 5.27.10, KDE Applications 23.08.4 e KDE Frameworks 5.115.0.\n<li class=\"l\"> Os pacotes LibreSSL e OpenSSH foram atualizados. Uma vis\u00e3o detalhada das melhorias pode ser vista nas revis\u00f5es do LibreSSL 3.9.0, OpenSSH 9.6 e OpenSSH 9.7.\n<li class=\"l\"> O n\u00famero de portas para a arquitetura AMD64 subiu para: 12309 (era 11845), para aarch64 \u2014 12145 (era 11508), para i386 \u2014 10830 (era 10603). Entre as vers\u00f5es de aplicativos nos ports:\n<li class=\"l\">O n\u00famero de ports para a arquitetura AMD64 \u00e9: 12309 (anteriormente 11845), para aarch64 \u2014 12145 (anteriormente 11508), para i386 \u2014 10830 (anteriormente 10603). Entre as vers\u00f5es de aplicativos nos ports:\n<ul>\n<li> Audacity 3.4.2\n<li> CMake 3.28.3\n<li> Chromium 122.0.6261.111\n<li> FFmpeg 4.4.4\n<li> Firefox 123.0.1, ESR 115.8.0\n<li> GCC 8.4.0, 11.2.0\n<li> GHC 9.6.4\n<li> GNOME 45\n<li> Go 1.22.1\n<li> JDK 8u402, 11.0.22, 17.0.10, 21.0.2\n<li> Krita 5.2.2\n<li> LLVM\/Clang 13.0.0, 16.0.6, 17.0.6\n<li> LibreOffice 24.2.1.2\n<li> Lua 5.1.5, 5.2.4, 5.3.6, 5.4.6\n<li> MariaDB 10.9.8\n<li> Mono 6.12.0.199\n<li> Mutt 2.2.13 e NeoMutt 20240201\n<li> Node.js 18.19.1\n<li> OCaml 4.14.1\n<li> OpenLDAP 2.6.7\n<li> PHP 7.4.33, 8.0.30, 8.1.27, 8.2.16, 8.3.3\n<li> Postfix 3.8.6\n<li> PostgreSQL 16.2\n<li> Python 2.7.18, 3.9.18, 3.10.13, 3.11.8\n<li> Qt 5.15.12 (+ patches kde), 6.6.1\n<li> R 4.2.3\n<li> Ruby 3.1.4, 3.2.3, 3.3.0\n<li> Rust 1.76.0\n<li> SQLite 3.44.2\n<li> SQLite 3.44.2\n<li> Shotcut 23.07.29\n<li> Sudo 1.9.15.5\n<li> Suricata 7.0.3\n<li> Tcl\/Tk 8.5.19, 8.6.13\n<li> TeX Live 2023\n<li> Thunderbird 115.8.1\n<li> Vim 9.1.139, Neovim 0.9.5\n<li> Xfce 4.18.1     <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Componentes de desenvolvedores externos atualizados, inclu\u00eddos no OpenBSD 7.5:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Stack gr\u00e1fico Xenocara baseado no X.Org 7.7 com xserver 21.1.11 + patches, freetype 2.13.0, fontconfig 2.14.2, Mesa 23.1.9, xterm 378, xkeyboard-config 2.20, fonttosfnt 1.2.3.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    LLVM\/Clang 16.0.6 (+ patches)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    GCC 4.2.1 (+ patches) e 3.3.6 (+ patches)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Perl 5.36.3 (+ patches)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    NSD 4.8.0  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Unbound 1.18  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Ncurses 5.7  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Binutils 2.17 (+ patches)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Gdb 6.3 (+ patch)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Awk 22.01.2024  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Expat 2.6.0.\n<li class=\"l\"> zlib 1.3.1 (+ patches).  <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60930\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b OpenBSD 7.5. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 OpenBSD \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e\u043c (Theo de Raadt) \u0432 1995 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 NetBSD, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a CVS \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e NetBSD. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442 \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 NetBSD \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0443\u044e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b OpenBSD 7.5.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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