{"id":118325,"date":"2024-07-26T15:43:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T13:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-806-modelyah-materinskih-plat-vyyavlen-testovyj-klyuch-pozvolyayushhij-obojti-uefi-secure-boot"},"modified":"2024-07-26T15:43:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T13:43:00","slug":"v-806-modelyah-materinskih-plat-vyyavlen-testovyj-klyuch-pozvolyayushhij-obojti-uefi-secure-boot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/v-806-modelyah-materinskih-plat-vyyavlen-testovyj-klyuch-pozvolyayushhij-obojti-uefi-secure-boot","title":{"rendered":"Um chave de teste que permite contornar o UEFI Secure Boot foi descoberto em 806 modelos de placas-m\u00e3e","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pesquisadores de seguran\u00e7a da Binarly identificaram a possibilidade de contornar o modo de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o verificada UEFI Secure Boot em mais de 800 produtos lan\u00e7ados por empresas como Acer, Dell, Fujitsu, Gigabyte, HP, Intel, Lenovo e Supermicro. O problema recebeu o codinome PKfail e est\u00e1 relacionado ao uso em firmwares de uma chave de plataforma (PK, Platform Key) n\u00e3o confi\u00e1vel, gerada pela AMI (American Megatrends International) e fornecida como um exemplo de teste. Os firmwares mais antigos que usavam a chave de teste foram lan\u00e7ados em 2012 e os mais recentes datam de junho de 2024. Segundo os pesquisadores, mais de 10% de todos os firmwares verificados est\u00e3o vulner\u00e1veis ao problema.      <\/p>\n<p>Nas configura\u00e7\u00f5es da chave, estava especificado que ela n\u00e3o era confi\u00e1vel e n\u00e3o deveria ser inclu\u00edda em seus produtos. Entendia-se que essa chave de teste deveria ser substitu\u00edda por uma pr\u00f3pria, mas os fabricantes ignoraram o aviso e utilizaram em firmwares finais uma chave gen\u00e9rica padr\u00e3o, enviada a todos os parceiros e clientes da AMI.     <\/p>\n<p>A parte privada da chave de teste da AMI, necess\u00e1ria para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de assinaturas digitais, tornou-se publicamente acess\u00edvel ap\u00f3s o vazamento de informa\u00e7\u00f5es de um dos fabricantes de hardware, cujo funcion\u00e1rio acidentalmente publicou em um reposit\u00f3rio p\u00fablico no GitHub um c\u00f3digo que continha essa chave. A chave privada foi inclu\u00edda em um arquivo criptografado, que foi protegido com uma senha simples de 4 caracteres, que foi facilmente descoberta por for\u00e7a bruta.       <\/p>\n<p>A chave da plataforma \u00e9 usada como a raiz de confian\u00e7a para a valida\u00e7\u00e3o do banco de dados de chaves para o Secure Boot. A obten\u00e7\u00e3o da parte privada da chave da plataforma compromete toda a cadeia de confian\u00e7a envolvida na verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da validade dos componentes do sistema de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o \u2014 ao conhecer a chave da plataforma, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel contornar a prote\u00e7\u00e3o do Secure Boot e organizar uma substitui\u00e7\u00e3o ao inicializar os pr\u00f3prios componentes por meio da manipula\u00e7\u00e3o da chave KEK (Key Exchange Key) e dos bancos de dados \u00abdb\u00bb (Signature Database) e \u00abdbx\u00bb (Forbidden Signature Database). O KEK \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel por criar uma cadeia de confian\u00e7a entre o firmware e o sistema operacional, o \u00abdb\u00bb cont\u00e9m certificados e assinaturas para o carregador e componentes de terceiros do UEFI, enquanto o \u00abdbx\u00bb inclui assinaturas revogadas de componentes maliciosos conhecidos.    <\/p>\n<p>Para realizar um ataque, \u00e9 suficiente gerar novas chaves e certificados para o KEK e db, ap\u00f3s o qual usar a chave da plataforma de teste que foi divulgada para carregar o certificado KEK criado no firmware UEFI. Ao carregar o certificado KEK no firmware, pode-se usar a chave privada associada para carregar no banco de dados db um novo certificado. Ap\u00f3s o carregamento do certificado db, a chave privada associada pode ser aplicada para validar os componentes EFI carregados.         openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout KEK.key -new -x509 -sha256 -days 3650 -subj \u00ab\/CN=BRLY KEK\/\u00bb -out KEK.crt     openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout db.key -new -x509 -sha256 -days 3650 -subj \u00ab\/CN=BRLY db\/\u00bb -out db.crt       efi-updatevar -a -c KEK.crt -k PK.key KEK     efi-updatevar -a -c db.crt -k KEK.key db     sbsign \u2014key db.key \u2014cert db.crt \u2014output rogue.efi.signed rogue.efi      <\/p>\n<p>Para verificar a corre\u00e7\u00e3o da chave da plataforma, basta executar a ferramenta \u00abefi-readvar -v PK\u00bb do pacote efitools e garantir que a chave da plataforma n\u00e3o seja de teste:         efi-readvar -v PK       Variable PK, length 862     PK: List 0, type X509         Signature 0, size 834, owner 26dc4851-195f-4ae1-9a19-fbf883bbb35e             Subject:                 CN=DO NOT TRUST \u2014 AMI Test PK             Issuer:                 CN=DO NOT TRUST \u2014 AMI Test PK          <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"CveWt3gFQTE\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/CveWt3gFQTE\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Por que no hosting comum a administra\u00e7\u00e3o do PrestaShop \u00e9 lenta, e no seu n\u00e3o \u00e9?\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61610\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Binarly \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 UEFI Secure Boot \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c 800 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 Acer, Dell, Fujitsu, Gigabyte, HP, Intel, Lenovo \u0438 Supermicro. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f PKfail \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b (PK, Platform Key), \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 AMI (American Megatrends International) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Binarly \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 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o modo de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o UEFI Secure Boot em mais de 800 produtos lan\u00e7ados pelas empresas Acer, Dell, Fujitsu, Gigabyte, HP e Intel.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/v-806-modelyah-materinskih-plat-vyyavlen-testovyj-klyuch-pozvolyayushhij-obojti-uefi-secure-boot","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pt_PT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412 806 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 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