{"id":119956,"date":"2024-09-27T09:43:04","date_gmt":"2024-09-27T07:43:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/udalyonno-ekspluatiruemye-uyazvimosti-v-servere-pechati-cups"},"modified":"2024-09-27T09:43:04","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T07:43:04","slug":"udalyonno-ekspluatiruemye-uyazvimosti-v-servere-pechati-cups","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/udalyonno-ekspluatiruemye-uyazvimosti-v-servere-pechati-cups","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerabilidades explor\u00e1veis remotamente no servidor de impress\u00e3o CUPS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Simone Margaritelli, autor do firewall OpenSnitch e do analisador de rede bettercap, divulgou antecipadamente informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre vulnerabilidades cr\u00edticas que permitem ataques remotos a distribui\u00e7\u00f5es GNU\/Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD e alguns outros sistemas BSD. A publica\u00e7\u00e3o estava inicialmente planejada para 6 de outubro, mas devido a um vazamento de informa\u00e7\u00f5es, foi necess\u00e1rio divulgar as informa\u00e7\u00f5es antecipadamente, antes que a maioria das distribui\u00e7\u00f5es pudesse preparar atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es de pacotes. As vulnerabilidades afetam o servidor de impress\u00e3o CUPS e permitem a execu\u00e7\u00e3o remota de c\u00f3digo no sistema sem autentica\u00e7\u00e3o.    <\/p>\n<p>O pesquisador que identificou o problema desenvolveu um prot\u00f3tipo funcional de um exploit que utiliza uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1rias vulnerabilidades e permite a execu\u00e7\u00e3o remota de c\u00f3digo com os direitos do processo da fila de impress\u00e3o CUPS (normalmente o usu\u00e1rio &#171;lp&#187;). O exploit permite substituir silenciosamente os par\u00e2metros da impressora do usu\u00e1rio ou adicionar uma nova impressora, associada a um servidor IPP controlado pelo atacante, que fornece uma descri\u00e7\u00e3o PPD formatada especificamente. O processamento deste PPD durante o in\u00edcio de um trabalho de impress\u00e3o resulta na execu\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00f3digo do atacante (\u00e9 necess\u00e1rio que a v\u00edtima inicie a impress\u00e3o na impressora substitu\u00edda ou manipulada pelo atacante).        <\/p>\n<p>Sistemas com <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"servidor\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3090\">servidor<\/a> CUPS e o processo cups-browsed em execu\u00e7\u00e3o, aceitando conex\u00f5es de rede na porta 631 (UDP) est\u00e3o vulner\u00e1veis. O ataque tamb\u00e9m pode ser realizado a partir de uma rede local que utilize os protocolos zeroconf, mDNS ou DNS-SD para impress\u00e3o. Apenas as configura\u00e7\u00f5es do cups-browsed em que no arquivo \/etc\/cups\/cups-browsed.conf o par\u00e2metro BrowseRemoteProtocols est\u00e1 definido como \"cups\" s\u00e3o vulner\u00e1veis. Em distribui\u00e7\u00f5es com systemd, o status do servi\u00e7o cups-browsed pode ser verificado com o comando \"sudo systemctl status cups-browsed\". <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/dts-shicago\/\"   title=\"servidor\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2943\">servidor<\/a> Os protocolos zeroconf, mDNS ou DNS-SD s\u00e3o utilizados para impress\u00e3o. Apenas configura\u00e7\u00f5es do cups-browsed que possuem o par\u00e2metro BrowseRemoteProtocols definido como &#171;cups&#187; no arquivo \/etc\/cups\/cups-browsed.conf s\u00e3o vulner\u00e1veis. Nas distribui\u00e7\u00f5es com systemd, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel verificar o uso do servi\u00e7o cups-browsed com o comando &#171;sudo systemctl status cups-browsed&#187;.          <\/p>\n<p>A vulnerabilidade se manifesta em todos os sistemas de impress\u00e3o baseados em CUPS que utilizam vers\u00f5es vulner\u00e1veis dos pacotes cups-filters, libcupsfilters, libppd e cups-browsed. As corre\u00e7\u00f5es est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis apenas na forma de patches (1, 2, 3) \u2014 as vers\u00f5es atuais cups-filters 2.0.1, libcupsfilters 2.1b1, libppd 2.1b1 e cups-browsed 2.0.1 s\u00e3o suscet\u00edveis a vulnerabilidades. Em distribui\u00e7\u00f5es, o problema permanece sem corre\u00e7\u00e3o; \u00e9 poss\u00edvel acompanhar o surgimento de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es nas seguintes p\u00e1ginas: Debian, Ubuntu, RHEL, SUSE\/openSUSE, Fedora, Arch, FreeBSD. Como uma medida tempor\u00e1ria de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, at\u00e9 que a atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o seja instalada, \u00e9 recomend\u00e1vel bloquear o acesso ao porto UDP 631 para redes externas, desativar o servi\u00e7o cups-browsed ou ajustar a configura\u00e7\u00e3o BrowseRemoteProtocols para &#171;none&#187;.      <\/p>\n<p>Vulnerabilidades identificadas:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2024-47176 \u2014 vulnerabilidade no processo cups-browsed, que cria um socket de rede aceitando conex\u00f5es na porta 631, vinculado a todas as interfaces de rede existentes no sistema e recebendo solicita\u00e7\u00f5es IPP &#171;Get-Printer-Attributes&#187; de quaisquer sistemas externos. Atrav\u00e9s da manipula\u00e7\u00e3o deste servi\u00e7o, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel adicionar uma impressora \u00e0 sistema sob controle do atacante e explorar a vulnerabilidade em outros componentes do CUPS por meio da transmiss\u00e3o da configura\u00e7\u00e3o PPD.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2024-47177 \u2014 vulnerabilidade no manipulador foomatic-rip do conjunto cups-filters, permitindo a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo ao passar o par\u00e2metro FoomaticRIPCommandLine no arquivo PPD, que o atacante pode fornecer devido \u00e0 vulnerabilidade anteriormente mencionada no cups-browsed. Os comandos shell especificados no par\u00e2metro FoomaticRIPCommandLine s\u00e3o executados exatamente como est\u00e3o, sem considerar que o par\u00e2metro pode ser definido por um agente externo. Por exemplo, para gravar em um arquivo \/tmp\/VULNERABLE, pode-se especificar \"FoomaticRIPCommandLine: \"echo 1 &gt; \/tmp\/VULNERABLE\".\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2024-47175 \u2014 vulnerabilidade na libppd, causada pela falta de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da validade do valor ppdCreatePPDFromIPP2 ao gravar atributos IPP em um arquivo PPD tempor\u00e1rio. O problema permite a inser\u00e7\u00e3o de dados arbitr\u00e1rios no arquivo PPD resultante ao anexar atributos, utilizando o caractere de nova linha. Por exemplo, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel contornar a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o e inserir o atributo FoomaticRIPCommandLine junto com os atributos permitidos para explorar a vulnerabilidade mencionada nos cups-filters.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2024-47076 \u2014 vulnerabilidade na biblioteca libcupsfilters do pacote cups-filters, relacionada \u00e0 falta de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos valores cfGetPrinterAttributes5 retornados por um servidor IPP externo, o que d\u00e1 ao atacante a possibilidade de organizar o processamento de atributos IPP arbitr\u00e1rios em outros subsistemas CUPS, como na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de arquivos PPD.      <\/ul>\n<p>O cen\u00e1rio de ataque ao CUPS se resume aos seguintes passos:    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implanta\u00e7\u00e3o por parte do atacante de seu pr\u00f3prio servidor IPP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Envio \u00e0 v\u00edtima de um pacote UDP com um link para a impressora vinculada ao servidor IPP que o atacante iniciou.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ap\u00f3s receber esse pacote, o sistema da v\u00edtima se conecta ao servidor IPP do atacante e solicita os atributos da impressora.\n<li class=\"l\"> Em resposta \u00e0 solicita\u00e7\u00e3o da v\u00edtima, o servidor IPP do atacante retorna um arquivo PPD com atributos, entre os quais est\u00e1 o atributo FoomaticRIPCommandLine. Este atributo \u00e9 anexado a um dos atributos v\u00e1lidos, utilizando o s\u00edmbolo \"\\n\" em uma \u00fanica linha (por exemplo, \"cupsPrivacyURI: \"https:\/\/www.google.com\/\\n*FoomaticRIPCommandLine: \"\"), o que permite contornar a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o e resulta na grava\u00e7\u00e3o de FoomaticRIPCommandLine como um atributo separado ao salvar os dados recebidos em um arquivo tempor\u00e1rio.\n<li class=\"l\"> Como resultado do processamento dos atributos apresentados no sistema da v\u00edtima, um arquivo PPD \u00e9 criado: ... *cupsSNMPSupplies: False *cupsLanguages: \"en\" *cupsPrivacyURI: \"https:\/\/www.google.com\/\" *FoomaticRIPCommandLine: \"echo 1 &gt; \/tmp\/I_AM_VULNERABLE\" *cupsFilter2: \"application\/pdf application\/vnd.cups-postscript 0 foomatic-rip\" *cupsSingleFile: True *cupsFilter2: \"application\/vnd.cups-pdf application\/pdf 0 -\" ...\n<li class=\"l\"> Ao imprimir no impressor fornecido pelo atacante no sistema da v\u00edtima, o comando \"echo 1 &gt; \/tmp\/I_AM_VULNERABLE\" ser\u00e1 executado.   <\/ul>\n<p>          <center>  <video controls=\"\" style=\"width: 700px; height: 600px; max-width:100%\"><source src=\"https:\/\/www.evilsocket.net\/images\/2024\/cups1\/exploit.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/video>  <\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>O pesquisador que descobriu as vulnerabilidades observa que levou alguns dias para encontrar a vulnerabilidade, mas depois houve uma longa correspond\u00eancia de 22 dias com os desenvolvedores do projeto OpenPrinting, tentando convenc\u00ea-los da import\u00e2ncia do problema e da necessidade de preparar patches. A discuss\u00e3o se atolou em debates sobre se era poss\u00edvel corrigir os problemas mencionados, e a situa\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3 mudou quando se gerou um clamor p\u00fablico sobre a descoberta da problem\u00e1tica cr\u00edtica. \u00c9 interessante tamb\u00e9m o surgimento de uma vazamento de informa\u00e7\u00f5es, onde o relat\u00f3rio confidencial enviado ao CERT e o exploit apareceram no f\u00f3rum breachforums.st, acess\u00edveis ao p\u00fablico, apesar do embargo estabelecido sobre a divulga\u00e7\u00e3o das informa\u00e7\u00f5es.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61942\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0438 (Simone Margaritelli), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 OpenSnitch \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 bettercap, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b GNU\/Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 BSD-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 6 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0438 (Simone Margaritelli), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 OpenSnitch \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 bettercap, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e 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