Bradley M. Kuhn, diretor executivo e um dos fundadores da organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de defesa dos direitos Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), criticou a defini\u00e7\u00e3o recentemente publicada pela OSI (Open Source Initiative) sobre sistemas de IA aberta (Open Source AI). Segundo Kuhn, a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o OSI apressou-se a publicar a vers\u00e3o final da defini\u00e7\u00e3o e a aprovou sem um debate amplo e aprofundado durante a fase inicial do desenvolvimento desses sistemas. Para compara\u00e7\u00e3o, a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de Open Source foi dada ap\u00f3s muitos anos de reflex\u00f5es e discuss\u00f5es. Quanto \u00e0 defini\u00e7\u00e3o publicada de sistemas de IA aberta, nesta fase, deveria ser chamada de recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o, e n\u00e3o de defini\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n
Kuhn teme que os crit\u00e9rios adotados na forma atual para IA aberta tenham consequ\u00eancias de longo alcance, minem a credibilidade do termo Open Source e causem uma divis\u00e3o na comunidade. O problema \u00e9 que, apesar das obje\u00e7\u00f5es, a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o OSI chegou a um compromisso e n\u00e3o incluiu a exig\u00eancia de fornecimento dos dados utilizados para treinar o modelo. O motivo do compromisso foi que, se uma cl\u00e1usula desse tipo fosse adicionada, nenhum dos grandes modelos de linguagem existentes obteria o status de aberto. <\/p>\n
De acordo com a OSI, a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de um sistema de IA aberto, que leve em conta as realidades atuais, ajudar\u00e1 a impedir as manipula\u00e7\u00f5es dos fabricantes com o termo \"aberto\", que, em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de incerteza, chamam modelos de abertos apenas com base na disponibilidade dos pesos, mesmo que a licen\u00e7a do modelo restrinja a \u00e1rea de uso (por exemplo, muitos modelos pro\u00edbem a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o em projetos comerciais) e n\u00e3o revelem os detalhes da implementa\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n
Na defini\u00e7\u00e3o aprovada pela OSI de sistemas de IA aberta, apenas \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio fornecer informa\u00e7\u00f5es detalhadas sobre os dados utilizados para o treinamento, mas n\u00e3o os pr\u00f3prios dados. Sem a disponibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados originais nos quais o modelo foi treinado, n\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel reproduzir completamente o sistema de IA, o que contradiz o conceito de c\u00f3digo aberto. Assim, a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o OSI limitou-se a considerar o modelo de IA apenas como uma tecnologia e n\u00e3o analisou-os como um produto integral. <\/p>\n
Na pr\u00e1tica, a defini\u00e7\u00e3o aceita de sistema de IA aberto garante apenas duas das quatro liberdades declaradas do Open Source \u2014 a possibilidade de uso e a possibilidade de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, enquanto as possibilidades de modificar e estudar n\u00e3o s\u00e3o totalmente garantidas. Al\u00e9m disso, a falta de dados de origem dificulta a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o da inser\u00e7\u00e3o de backdoors em modelos de aprendizado de m\u00e1quina. <\/p>\n
Por outro lado, a publica\u00e7\u00e3o de dados de origem, em muitos casos, \u00e9 imposs\u00edvel devido a raz\u00f5es que n\u00e3o dependem do desenvolvedor do modelo de AI, como a necessidade de manter a confidencialidade, o uso de materiais protegidos por direitos autorais, a licenciamento de dados de fornecedores externos, etc. Na opini\u00e3o dos cr\u00edticos da defini\u00e7\u00e3o aceita, esses problemas n\u00e3o justificam a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o ou desvaloriza\u00e7\u00e3o do conceito de Open Source. <\/p>\n
Bradley Kuhn pretende participar das pr\u00f3ximas elei\u00e7\u00f5es para a lideran\u00e7a da OSI e tentar ingressar no conselho diretor para conseguir a revoga\u00e7\u00e3o da defini\u00e7\u00e3o aceita e sua transi\u00e7\u00e3o para uma categoria de recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es. Al\u00e9m da organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Software Freedom Conservancy, alguns desenvolvedores do projeto Debian expressaram seu desacordo com a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de AI aberta e propuseram uma vota\u00e7\u00e3o geral para chamar a aten\u00e7\u00e3o para o problema. O Fund for Open Source tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 desenvolvendo sua defini\u00e7\u00e3o de um sistema de AI livre, que pretende incluir na sua defini\u00e7\u00e3o a exig\u00eancia de acessibilidade de todos os dados, embora reconhe\u00e7a que existem raz\u00f5es \u00e9ticas que podem impedir a divulga\u00e7\u00e3o em certos casos (por exemplo, se dados m\u00e9dicos ou pessoais foram utilizados no treinamento). \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u0443\u043d (Bradley M. Kuhn), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 OSI (Open Source Initiative) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 AI-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (Open Source AI). \u041f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041a\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f OSI \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 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Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"