Ap\u00f3s quase tr\u00eas anos de trabalho, o cons\u00f3rcio Khronos, que desenvolve padr\u00f5es gr\u00e1ficos, publicou a especifica\u00e7\u00e3o Vulkan 1.4, que define a API para acesso \u00e0s capacidades gr\u00e1ficas e computacionais da GPU. A nova especifica\u00e7\u00e3o incorporou as extens\u00f5es acumuladas anteriormente definidas como opcionais, al\u00e9m de oferecer uma s\u00e9rie de novas funcionalidades e aumentar os requisitos m\u00ednimos de hardware. O conjunto de ferramentas Vulkan SDK est\u00e1 previsto para ser publicado em janeiro de 2025. <\/p>\n
Os produtos com suporte a Vulkan 1.4 est\u00e3o sendo preparados para lan\u00e7amento pelas empresas AMD, Arm, Imagination, Intel, NVIDIA, Qualcomm e Samsung. Os drivers abertos para GPU AMD (radv), Apple M1\/M2 (honeykrisp), Intel (anv), NVIDIA (nvk) e Qualcomm (tu), desenvolvidos pelo projeto Mesa, j\u00e1 passaram em todos os testes de compatibilidade com Vulkan 1.4 da su\u00edte de testes de conformidade CTS (Khronos Conformance Test Suite) e est\u00e3o inclu\u00eddos na lista de drivers certificados. A lista tamb\u00e9m inclui drivers da Samsung e Qualcomm para a plataforma Android, al\u00e9m de drivers para GPU PowerVR D-Series DXT* da Imagination Technologies e drivers propriet\u00e1rios da NVIDIA. <\/p>\n
Principais inova\u00e7\u00f5es: <\/p>\n
A API Vulkan \u00e9 not\u00e1vel pela simplifica\u00e7\u00e3o radical dos drivers, transferindo a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de comandos GPU para o lado da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o, permitindo a conex\u00e3o de camadas de depura\u00e7\u00e3o, unificando a API para diferentes plataformas e aplicando uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o intermedi\u00e1ria pr\u00e9-compilada para execu\u00e7\u00e3o na GPU. <\/p>\n
Para garantir alto desempenho e previsibilidade, Vulkan oferece aos aplicativos ferramentas para controle direto das opera\u00e7\u00f5es da GPU e suporte integrado ao processamento de comandos em m\u00faltiplas threads, minimizando a sobrecarga imposta pelos drivers, enquanto as funcionalidades implementadas no lado do driver se tornam significativamente mais simples e previs\u00edveis. Por exemplo, opera\u00e7\u00f5es como gerenciamento de mem\u00f3ria e tratamento de erros, que no OpenGL s\u00e3o realizadas pelo driver, no Vulkan s\u00e3o deslocadas para o n\u00edvel da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n
Vulkan abrange todas as plataformas dispon\u00edveis e fornece uma API unificada para sistemas de desktop, m\u00f3veis e Web, permitindo o uso de uma \u00fanica API comum para diferentes GPUs e \u00e1reas de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o. Gra\u00e7as \u00e0 arquitetura em camadas do Vulkan, que implica na cria\u00e7\u00e3o de ferramentas que funcionam com qualquer GPU, os fabricantes de hardware podem utilizar ferramentas padr\u00e3o no desenvolvimento para verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo, depura\u00e7\u00e3o e profiling. <\/p>\n
Para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de shaders, \u00e9 proposto um formato intermedi\u00e1rio port\u00e1til SPIR-V, baseado em LLVM e utilizando tecnologias b\u00e1sicas comuns ao OpenCL. Com Vulkan, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel usar a linguagem de shaders HLSL, aplicada no DirectX, por meio de sua transla\u00e7\u00e3o para SPIR-V. Para o gerenciamento de dispositivos e telas em Vulkan, \u00e9 proposto a interface WSI (Window System Integration), que resolve aproximadamente as mesmas quest\u00f5es que EGL no OpenGL ES. O suporte a WSI est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel por padr\u00e3o no Wayland \u2014 todos os aplicativos que utilizam Vulkan podem ser executados em ambientes n\u00e3o modificados. servidores<\/a> Wayland. A capacidade de operar atrav\u00e9s do WSI tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 garantida para Android, X11 (com DRI3), Windows, Tizen, macOS e iOS. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0443\u043c Khronos, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e Vulkan 1.4, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c GPU. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 Vulkan SDK \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 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Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"