{"id":120894,"date":"2024-12-08T15:46:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-08T13:46:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/microsoft-opublikoval-distributiv-azure-linux-3-0-20241203"},"modified":"2024-12-08T15:46:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-08T13:46:10","slug":"microsoft-opublikoval-distributiv-azure-linux-3-0-20241203","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/microsoft-opublikoval-distributiv-azure-linux-3-0-20241203","title":{"rendered":"A Microsoft lan\u00e7ou a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Azure Linux 3.0.20241203","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Microsoft lan\u00e7ou a atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Azure Linux 3.0.20241203. A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 se desenvolvendo como uma plataforma base universal para ambientes Linux utilizados em infraestrutura de nuvem, sistemas edge e diversos servi\u00e7os da Microsoft. As contribui\u00e7\u00f5es do projeto s\u00e3o distribu\u00eddas sob a licen\u00e7a MIT. Pacotes s\u00e3o constru\u00eddos para as arquiteturas aarch64 e x86_64. O tamanho da imagem de instala\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 de 750 MB.      <\/p>\n<p>Entre as mudan\u00e7as na nova vers\u00e3o:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> O filtro de pacotes iptables foi adaptado para processar comandos atrav\u00e9s da tradu\u00e7\u00e3o de regras em bytecode nftables (por padr\u00e3o, em vez do iptables-legacy, o pacote iptables-nft \u00e9 utilizado).\n<li class=\"l\"> Para sistemas Aarch64, foi oferecido um pacote adicional com o kernel kernel-64k, que utiliza grandes p\u00e1ginas de mem\u00f3ria com tamanho de 64KB (o kernel foi constru\u00eddo com a op\u00e7\u00e3o CONFIG_ARM64_64K_PAGES).\n<li class=\"l\"> No gerenciador de pacotes tdnf (semelhante ao dnf baseado em C libs), foi adicionada a op\u00e7\u00e3o de configura\u00e7\u00e3o 'installonlypkgs', que \u00e9 utilizada para gerenciar a instala\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00facleo kernel-64k.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ao usar o systemd-networkd, a manipula\u00e7\u00e3o do livenet rootfs foi habilitada atrav\u00e9s do Dracut.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionado um driver para adaptadores de rede Intel Ethernet Connection E800.\n<li class=\"l\"> O manipulador de logs fluent-bit agora suporta a linguagem Lua.\n<li class=\"l\"> A verifica\u00e7\u00e3o com assinatura digital dos kernels carregados via mecanismo kexec foi habilitada.\n<li class=\"l\"> Para determinar as compila\u00e7\u00f5es de cont\u00eaineres, em vez de verificar o arquivo '\/.dockerenv', a ferramenta systemd-detect-virt \u00e9 utilizada.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> As vers\u00f5es dos pacotes foram atualizadas, incluindo o kernel Linux 6.6.57, shim 15.8, SymCrypt 103.6.0, Valkey (fork do Redis) 8.0.1, Go 1.23.3, MariaDB 10.11.10, PostgreSQL 16.5.        <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Azure Linux fornece um pequeno conjunto padr\u00e3o de pacotes essenciais, que serve como base universal para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de conte\u00fados de cont\u00eaineres, ambientes de hospedagem e servi\u00e7os executados em infraestruturas de nuvem e em dispositivos de edge. Solu\u00e7\u00f5es mais complexas e especializadas podem ser criadas adicionando pacotes adicionais sobre o Azure Linux, mas a base para todos esses sistemas permanece inalterada, o que simplifica a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e a prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es.       <\/p>\n<p>O Azure Linux \u00e9 usado como base para o mini-distr\u00edbuo WSLg, que fornece componentes do stack gr\u00e1fico para permitir a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de aplicativos GUI Linux em ambientes baseados no Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL2). Funcionalidade expandida no WSLg \u00e9 possibilitada atrav\u00e9s da inclus\u00e3o de pacotes adicionais com compositivo. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"servidor\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3096\">servidor<\/a> Weston, XWayland, PulseAudio e FreeRDP.    <\/p>\n<p>Para gerenciar servi\u00e7os e carga, \u00e9 utilizado o gerenciador de sistema systemd. Para gerenciar pacotes, s\u00e3o fornecidos os gerenciadores de pacotes RPM e DNF. O servidor SSH n\u00e3o \u00e9 habilitado por padr\u00e3o. Para a instala\u00e7\u00e3o da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, h\u00e1 um instalador que pode operar tanto em modos texto quanto gr\u00e1fico. O instalador oferece a op\u00e7\u00e3o de instala\u00e7\u00e3o com um conjunto completo ou b\u00e1sico de pacotes, al\u00e9m de uma interface para selecionar a parti\u00e7\u00e3o, nome do host e cria\u00e7\u00e3o de usu\u00e1rios.  <\/p>\n<p>O sistema de constru\u00e7\u00e3o Azure Linux permite gerar tanto pacotes RPM distintos com base em arquivos SPEC e textos fonte, quanto imagens de sistema monol\u00edticas, formadas com a ferramenta rpm-ostree e atualizadas de forma at\u00f4mica sem dividir em pacotes individuais. Assim, s\u00e3o suportados dois modelos de entrega de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es: por meio da atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes individuais e pela reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o e atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de toda a imagem do sistema. Um reposit\u00f3rio est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel, incluindo cerca de 3000 pacotes RPM j\u00e1 constru\u00eddos, que podem ser utilizados para compor suas pr\u00f3prias imagens com base em um arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o.     <\/p>\n<p>A plataforma b\u00e1sica inclui apenas os componentes mais essenciais e \u00e9 otimizada para um m\u00ednimo consumo de mem\u00f3ria e espa\u00e7o em disco, al\u00e9m de oferecer alta velocidade de carregamento. O projeto adota a abordagem de \"m\u00e1xima seguran\u00e7a por padr\u00e3o\", que implica a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1rios mecanismos adicionais para aumentar a prote\u00e7\u00e3o:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Filtragem de chamadas de sistema atrav\u00e9s do mecanismo seccomp.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Criptografia de parti\u00e7\u00f5es de disco.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes por assinatura digital.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Randomiza\u00e7\u00e3o do espa\u00e7o de endere\u00e7amento.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra ataques relacionados a links simb\u00f3licos, mmap, \/dev\/mem e \/dev\/kmem.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Modo somente leitura e proibi\u00e7\u00e3o de execu\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo em \u00e1reas de mem\u00f3ria onde est\u00e3o localizados os segmentos com dados do n\u00facleo e m\u00f3dulos.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Op\u00e7\u00e3o para bloquear o carregamento de m\u00f3dulos do n\u00facleo ap\u00f3s a inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uso de iptables para filtragem de pacotes de rede.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Habilita\u00e7\u00e3o, durante a constru\u00e7\u00e3o, de modos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra estouros de pilha, estouros de buffer e problemas de formata\u00e7\u00e3o de strings (_FORTIFY_SOURCE, -fstack-protector, -Wformat-security, relro).   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62369\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Azure Linux 3.0.20241203. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, edge-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 Microsoft. \u0421\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 MIT. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 aarch64 \u0438 x86_64. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 750 \u041c\u0411. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438: \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440 iptables \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Azure Linux 3.0.20241203.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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