{"id":123013,"date":"2025-03-26T16:22:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T14:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kompaniya-cloudflare-opublikovala-opkssh-dlya-autentifikaczii-v-ssh-cherez-openid-connect"},"modified":"2025-03-26T16:22:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T14:22:58","slug":"kompaniya-cloudflare-opublikovala-opkssh-dlya-autentifikaczii-v-ssh-cherez-openid-connect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/kompaniya-cloudflare-opublikovala-opkssh-dlya-autentifikaczii-v-ssh-cherez-openid-connect","title":{"rendered":"A Cloudflare lan\u00e7ou o opkssh para autentica\u00e7\u00e3o em SSH atrav\u00e9s do OpenID Connect","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A empresa Cloudflare lan\u00e7ou a ferramenta opkssh (OpenPubkey SSH), permitindo a integra\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e9todos de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o centralizada no OpenSSH com acesso atrav\u00e9s de provedores de OpenID Connect. Com o opkssh, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel eliminar o trabalho manual na gest\u00e3o e configura\u00e7\u00e3o de chaves SSH, al\u00e9m de permitir a conex\u00e3o ao servidor a partir de qualquer host, sem a necessidade de criar chaves privadas em cada computador cliente e sem a c\u00f3pia manual de chaves p\u00fablicas para o servidor. Para se conectar, basta realizar a vincula\u00e7\u00e3o da conta ao provedor de OpenID no servidor. O c\u00f3digo da ferramenta \u00e9 escrito em Go e \u00e9 distribu\u00eddo sob a licen\u00e7a Apache 2.0. <\/p>\n

O opkssh \u00e9 compat\u00edvel com provedores OpenID como Google, Microsoft\/Azure e Gitlab, permitindo que o acesso seja configurado atrav\u00e9s de contas existentes em servi\u00e7os como gmail.com, microsoft.com e gitlab.com. Ao usar o opkssh, em vez de chaves SSH sem expira\u00e7\u00e3o, s\u00e3o geradas chaves tempor\u00e1rias, v\u00e1lidas por algumas horas e formadas com base na confirma\u00e7\u00e3o do provedor OpenID. A vazamento dessas chaves ap\u00f3s o prazo de validade n\u00e3o representa uma amea\u00e7a \u00e0 seguran\u00e7a. Por padr\u00e3o, a validade da chave \u00e9 de 24 horas, ap\u00f3s o qual a reidentifica\u00e7\u00e3o via OpenID \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria. <\/p>\n

A integra\u00e7\u00e3o com OpenSSH \u00e9 baseada na capacidade de criar extens\u00f5es do protocolo SSH, permitindo anexar dados arbitr\u00e1rios aos certificados SSH. Ap\u00f3s a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s do OpenID, o cliente gera uma chave p\u00fablica que cont\u00e9m um token PK, confirmando a propriedade da chave pelo usu\u00e1rio declarado. O token \u00e9 integrado ao protocolo SSH atrav\u00e9s do campo de dados adicionais do certificado SSH. A cria\u00e7\u00e3o e verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de tokens PK no lado do servidor \u00e9 realizada utilizando o protocolo criptogr\u00e1fico OpenPubKey. <\/p>\n

OpenPubKey permite gerar uma chave p\u00fablica e vincul\u00e1-la a um token emitido pelo provedor OpenID. Por meio da assinatura digital, o provedor confirma que essa chave foi criada pelo usu\u00e1rio autenticado declarado. Por exemplo, o provedor OpenID Google pode confirmar que o usu\u00e1rio est\u00e1 autenticado como test@gmail.com. No lado do servidor, verifica-se se o token anexado foi assinado pelo provedor OpenID e se a assinatura digital corresponde \u00e0 chave p\u00fablica declarada, ou seja, o servidor pode assegurar que o usu\u00e1rio test@gmail.com realmente criou a chave p\u00fablica para o cliente SSH conectado.

\"A<\/center> <\/p>\n

A integra\u00e7\u00e3o com o OpenSSH \u00e9 realizada atrav\u00e9s da especifica\u00e7\u00e3o do programa opkssh no arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o «sshd_config» mediante a diretiva «AuthorizedKeysCommand» (por exemplo: «AuthorizedKeysCommand \/usr\/local\/bin\/opkssh verify %u %k %t»). A configura\u00e7\u00e3o de vincula\u00e7\u00e3o de contas com o OpenID \u00e9 feita no lado do servidor SSH. No lado do cliente SSH, n\u00e3o s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias altera\u00e7\u00f5es nas configura\u00e7\u00f5es, mas antes de acessar, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio executar o comando «opkssh login» e, na janela do navegador que aparecer, selecionar o provedor OpenID e realizar a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o por meio dele. <\/p>\n

A utilidade opkssh gerar\u00e1 chaves SSH e obter\u00e1 um token PK que confirma que o usu\u00e1rio foi autenticado e permite verificar se as chaves criadas pertencem ao usu\u00e1rio declarado. A chave p\u00fablica SSH, \u00e0 qual um token PK foi anexado atrav\u00e9s de um campo de dados adicionais, ser\u00e1 gravada no arquivo ~\/ .ssh\/id_ecdsas e come\u00e7ar\u00e1 a ser transmitida ao se conectar \u00e0 servidor<\/a> utilidade ssh. <\/p>\n

A conex\u00e3o ao servidor \u00e9 realizada utilizando o esquema padr\u00e3o do SSH «ssh login@servidor», onde servidor<\/a> o login deve ser previamente associado a uma conta no OpenID utilizada pelo usu\u00e1rio. Assim, o funcionamento se resume ao fato de que o cliente SSH envia a chave p\u00fablica ao servidor SSH, que em seguida executa o comando «opkssh verify» para verificar a chave. <\/p>\n

Para vincular a conta ao OpenID, o administrador do servidor executa o comando «opkssh add». Por exemplo, para permitir o acesso ao servidor com o usu\u00e1rio «root» atrav\u00e9s da autentica\u00e7\u00e3o OpenID utilizando a conta test@gmail.com no Gmail, deve-se executar «sudo opkssh add root test@gmail.com google», ap\u00f3s o que o cliente poder\u00e1 se conectar usando essa conta com o comando «ssh root@host_servidor». <\/p>\n

A vincula\u00e7\u00e3o da conta tamb\u00e9m pode ser feita manualmente atrav\u00e9s do arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o \/etc\/opk\/auth_id (ou ~\/.opk\/auth_id), no qual para o exemplo acima ser\u00e1 registrada a linha «root test@gmail.com https:\/\/accounts.google.com». Adicionalmente, atrav\u00e9s do arquivo \/etc\/opk\/providers, pode-se definir a lista de provedores OpenID permitidos, seus par\u00e2metros e a lista de identificadores de clientes autorizados.

\"A<\/center>
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 opkssh (OpenPubkey SSH), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 OpenSSH \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 OpenID Connect. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 opkssh \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435 SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0441 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":123014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47A Cloudflare anunciou opkssh para autentica\u00e7\u00e3o SSH via OpenID Connect | ProHoster","description":"A Cloudflare lan\u00e7ou a ferramenta opkssh (OpenPubkey SSH), permitindo integrar no OpenSSH os meios de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o centralizada com a possibilidade de login atrav\u00e9s de provedores OpenID Connect.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/kompaniya-cloudflare-opublikovala-opkssh-dlya-autentifikaczii-v-ssh-cherez-openid-connect","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pt_PT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 opkssh \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 SSH \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 OpenID 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