{"id":151407,"date":"2025-12-12T23:11:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T21:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/najs-os-minimalistichnyj-distributiv-sobrannyj-s-nulya-i-optimizirovannyj-dlya-kontejnerov"},"modified":"2025-12-12T23:11:55","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T21:11:55","slug":"najs-os-minimalistichnyj-distributiv-sobrannyj-s-nulya-i-optimizirovannyj-dlya-kontejnerov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/najs-os-minimalistichnyj-distributiv-sobrannyj-s-nulya-i-optimizirovannyj-dlya-kontejnerov","title":{"rendered":"NICE.OS \u2014 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o minimalista, constru\u00edda do zero e otimizada para cont\u00eaineres.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O projeto NAIS.OS desenvolve uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Linux aut\u00f4noma, constru\u00edda \"do zero\" a partir do c\u00f3digo-fonte e que suporta sua pr\u00f3pria base de pacotes, n\u00e3o adotando scripts de constru\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes de outras distribui\u00e7\u00f5es. O projeto desenvolve suas ferramentas, seu conjunto de patches e sua pol\u00edtica de constru\u00e7\u00e3o. Est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel para download uma imagem ISO (603 MB), voltada para instala\u00e7\u00e3o em m\u00e1quinas virtuais (KVM, Proxmox, VMware, VirtualBox, etc.).        <\/p>\n<p>A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 disponibilizada gratuitamente para uso pessoal e comercial, sem restri\u00e7\u00f5es quanto ao n\u00famero de dispositivos. No entanto, o contrato de licen\u00e7a pro\u00edbe \"modificar, adaptar, traduzir, decompilar, desmontar ou de qualquer forma tentar obter o c\u00f3digo-fonte, exceto nos casos expressamente permitidos pela legisla\u00e7\u00e3o vigente ou pelos termos das licen\u00e7as dos componentes abertos\". Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 proibido \"transferir, vender, alugar, disponibilizar, publicar ou de qualquer outra forma distribuir o produto de software sem o consentimento por escrito do titular dos direitos.\"    <\/p>\n<p>\tO NAIS.OS se posiciona como um sistema servidor com suporte de longo prazo (LTS), otimizado para  <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vps\/\"   title=\"m\u00e1quinas virtuais\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2246\">m\u00e1quinas virtuais<\/a>, sistemas de nuvem e n\u00f3s de edge. O n\u00facleo, compiladores, bibliotecas b\u00e1sicas, stack criptogr\u00e1fico \u2014 tudo \u00e9 constru\u00eddo sob requisitos unificados de reprodutibilidade e seguran\u00e7a. O projeto est\u00e1 inclu\u00eddo no registro de software russo (a inscri\u00e7\u00e3o significa que pode atender \u00e0s exig\u00eancias de \"software nacional\" no segmento p\u00fablico e para alguns clientes corporativos).    <\/p>\n<p>Suportam-se duas abordagens: uma atualiz\u00e1vel de forma at\u00f4mica (imut\u00e1vel com base no OSTree) e a cl\u00e1ssica RPM (dnf\/dnf5). Na variante at\u00f4mica, a parti\u00e7\u00e3o \/usr \u00e9 montada em modo somente leitura, as atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o aplicadas a todo o sistema e, para reverter atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es em caso de falha, s\u00e3o utilizados snapshots Btrfs; as vers\u00f5es do sistema base s\u00e3o tratadas como artefatos que podem ser gerenciados e distribu\u00eddos entre os n\u00f3s atrav\u00e9s do reposit\u00f3rio OSTree. A variante cl\u00e1ssica RPM utiliza a gest\u00e3o de pacotes atrav\u00e9s do dnf e dnf5, suporta atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es manuais e autom\u00e1ticas, al\u00e9m de fornecer um instalador de console chamado \"niceos-installer\".        <\/p>\n<p>A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o oferece uma base m\u00ednima e previs\u00edvel para cont\u00eaineres, sem ambiente gr\u00e1fico, apenas os servi\u00e7os b\u00e1sicos s\u00e3o iniciados (systemd, utilit\u00e1rios de rede, SSH, firewall em nftables\/firewalld, utilit\u00e1rios b\u00e1sicos de monitoramento, e todo o software aplicativo deve ser instalado em cont\u00eaineres (Docker\/Podman\/Kubernetes) ou como servi\u00e7os separados sobre a base.     <\/p>\n<p>No Docker Hub, existem imagens oficiais de cont\u00eaineres. Essas imagens s\u00e3o constru\u00eddas com base na mesma base m\u00ednima do NiceOS, funcionam com um usu\u00e1rio n\u00e3o privilegiado, cont\u00eam SBOM incorporados (CycloneDX\/SPDX) e relat\u00f3rios de vulnerabilidades (Trivy, Grype), e incluem relat\u00f3rios integrados para auditoria offline diretamente dentro do cont\u00eainer.      <\/p>\n<p>Suporte \u00e0 criptografia nacional (conjunto compilado e testado para aqueles que necessitam de requisitos e auditorias da \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> GnuPG com \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 (\u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u0420 34.10-2012 e \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u0420 34.11-2012), incluindo assinatura, criptografia e verifica\u00e7\u00e3o;\n<li class=\"l\"> OpenSSL com GOST \u2014 TLS e utilit\u00e1rios CLI com criptografia GOST;\n<li class=\"l\"> libksba\/nettle \u2014 suporte a GOST em CMS e X.509;\n<li class=\"l\"> OpenVPN com GOST \u2014 servidor pronto com cifras GOST, h\u00e1 um script que realiza a configura\u00e7\u00e3o. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"293\">VPN<\/a> (PKI, firewall, monitoramento, integra\u00e7\u00e3o com Prometheus) em poucos minutos;\n<li class=\"l\"> Ferramentas para controle de integridade em hashes \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 (gost12sum, perfis em openssl dgst, etc.).  <\/ul>\n<p>Recursos para aumentar a seguran\u00e7a:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> SELinux ativado por padr\u00e3o;\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilizados os padr\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a durante a compila\u00e7\u00e3o (PIE, RELRO, SSP, FORTIFY_SOURCE, etc.);\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementados scripts de controle de integridade (Secure Boot, IMA, AIDE com algoritmos \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422);\n<li class=\"l\"> Cada pacote RPM \u00e9 assinado, existe um modelo de PKI de Zero-Trust: por padr\u00e3o, n\u00e3o \u00e9 confi\u00e1vel o que n\u00e3o passou pela verifica\u00e7\u00e3o;\n<li class=\"l\"> Para pacotes e imagens, SBOM e relat\u00f3rios de vulnerabilidades s\u00e3o gerados.   <\/ul>\n<p>Recursos para sistemas virtuais e em nuvem:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte a m\u00e1quinas virtuais confidenciais afirmado (AMD SEV-SNP, Intel TDX). Existem utilit\u00e1rios para a atesta\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e1quinas virtuais nesses cen\u00e1rios.\n<li class=\"l\"> A imagem oficial do \u041d\u0410\u0419\u0421.\u041e\u0421 5.2 est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel no Yandex Cloud Marketplace como uma m\u00e1quina virtual, que j\u00e1 inclui Docker, glibc e Python 3.12; a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 marcada como registrada no registro de software russo;\n<li class=\"l\"> No Cloud.ru Marketplace, o distribuidor \u00e9 descrito como \"um sistema operacional minimalista russo para cont\u00eaineres. Imagem para VM, Docker e Kubernetes\";\n<li class=\"l\"> A edi\u00e7\u00e3o separada do NiceOS V \u00e9 otimizada para hipervisores (Proxmox, VMware ESXi, KVM\/QEMU, AWS\/Yandex Cloud\/Google Cloud, etc.), com um conjunto m\u00ednimo de servi\u00e7os e foco em instala\u00e7\u00f5es automatizadas atrav\u00e9s do Kickstart\/JSON.   <\/ul>\n<p>Entre as vers\u00f5es utilizadas:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Linux 6.13.x,\n<li> GCC 14.3, Glibc 2.41,\n<li> OpenSSL 3.5.1 (com extens\u00f5es para GOST),\n<li> systemd 257, coreutils 9.6.  <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64417\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u041d\u0410\u0419\u0421.\u041e\u0421 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 &#171;\u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f&#187; 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