{"id":152306,"date":"2025-12-22T11:11:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T09:12:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-os-qubes-4-3-0-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij"},"modified":"2025-12-22T11:11:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T09:12:03","slug":"reliz-os-qubes-4-3-0-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/reliz-os-qubes-4-3-0-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0, que utiliza virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para isolar aplicativos","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ap\u00f3s dois anos de desenvolvimento, a vers\u00e3o do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0 foi lan\u00e7ada, implementando a ideia de usar um hipervisor para a estrita isolation de aplicativos e componentes do sistema operacional (cada classe de aplicativo e servi\u00e7os do sistema opera em m\u00e1quinas virtuais separadas). Para funcionar, recomenda-se um sistema com 16 GB de RAM (m\u00ednimo \u2014 6 GB) e um CPU Intel ou AMD de 64 bits que suporte as tecnologias VT-x com EPT\/AMD-v com RVI e VT-d ou AMD IOMMU, sendo prefer\u00edvel a presen\u00e7a de uma GPU Intel (GPUs NVIDIA e AMD n\u00e3o foram testadas de forma satisfat\u00f3ria). O tamanho da imagem de instala\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 de 7,8 GB (x86_64).            <\/p>\n<p>Os aplicativos no Qubes s\u00e3o divididos em classes com base na import\u00e2ncia dos dados processados e nas tarefas a serem resolvidas. Cada classe de aplicativos (por exemplo, trabalho, entretenimento, opera\u00e7\u00f5es banc\u00e1rias), assim como os servi\u00e7os do sistema (sub-sistema de rede, firewall, armazenamento, pilha USB, etc.), funcionam em m\u00e1quinas virtuais separadas, iniciadas usando o hipervisor Xen. Esses aplicativos est\u00e3o acess\u00edveis dentro de uma mesma \u00e1rea de trabalho e s\u00e3o destacados para maior visibilidade por meio de diferentes cores de contorno da janela. Cada ambiente tem acesso de leitura ao sistema de arquivos raiz b\u00e1sico e ao armazenamento local, que n\u00e3o se sobrep\u00f5e aos armazenamentos de outros ambientes; um servi\u00e7o especial \u00e9 usado para organizar a intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre aplicativos.       <\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0, que utiliza virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para isolar aplicativos\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/0228681ffc49a396d23d7119144928ab.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>Como base para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de ambientes virtuais, pode-se utilizar reposit\u00f3rios de pacotes do Fedora e Debian, al\u00e9m de que a comunidade d\u00e1 suporte a templates para Ubuntu, Gentoo e Arch Linux. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel organizar o acesso a aplicativos em uma m\u00e1quina virtual com Windows, assim como criar <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vps\/\"   title=\"m\u00e1quinas virtuais\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2247\">m\u00e1quinas virtuais<\/a> com base no Whonix para garantir acesso an\u00f4nimo atrav\u00e9s do Tor. A interface do usu\u00e1rio \u00e9 constru\u00edda sobre o Xfce. Quando o usu\u00e1rio inicia um aplicativo atrav\u00e9s do menu, esse aplicativo \u00e9 iniciado em uma m\u00e1quina virtual espec\u00edfica. O conte\u00fado dos ambientes virtuais \u00e9 definido por um conjunto de templates.     <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0, que utiliza virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para isolar aplicativos\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/8f239008e2410d94ddf2f997849a84da.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>          <\/p>\n<p>Principais mudan\u00e7as:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  O ambiente b\u00e1sico Dom0 foi atualizado para a base de pacotes Fedora 41, e o template para ambientes virtuais foi atualizado para Fedora 42.\n<li class=\"l\"> O modelo para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de ambientes virtuais baseado em Debian foi atualizado para a vers\u00e3o Debian 13, e o modelo baseado em Whonix foi atualizado para Whonix 18.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> O hipervisor Xen foi atualizado para a vers\u00e3o 4.19 (anteriormente usava-se o Xen 4.17).\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi implementado o suporte para pr\u00e9-carregamento de ambientes isolados descart\u00e1veis (dispvm \u2014 disposable vm), permitindo eliminar o atraso (7-20 segundos) ao iniciar aplicativos frequentemente utilizados em ambientes descart\u00e1veis.\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi proposto um conjunto de ferramentas QWT (Qubes Windows Tools) melhorado para executar m\u00e1quinas virtuais com Windows. O suporte para Windows 10 e 11 foi implementado. O suporte para Windows 7 foi descontinuado.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0, que utiliza virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para isolar aplicativos\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/6289d510599e60903e6afe29473938e8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi implementada uma nova API de Dispositivo para configurar a anexa\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica de dispositivos como pen drives, placas de som e rede externas, dispositivos de entrada, webcams e dispositivos Bluetooth a m\u00e1quinas virtuais. Uma interface gr\u00e1fica foi adicionada para configurar o redirecionamento de dispositivos em <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"m\u00e1quinas virtuais\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4237\">m\u00e1quinas virtuais<\/a>.      <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0, que utiliza virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para isolar aplicativos\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/712b04cec3c0fe1a6757648d608c70bd.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> No Qube Manager e em outras ferramentas gr\u00e1ficas, uma nova cole\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00edcones foi implementada.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0, que utiliza virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para isolar aplicativos\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/5b9b704726ebd5540427a46a9dd62b6b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a possibilidade de anexar notas de texto personalizadas \u00e0s m\u00e1quinas virtuais.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0, que utiliza virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para isolar aplicativos\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fbf8bed2c1be54cb0b48d10093bf9497.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> No configurador de m\u00e1quinas virtuais, a exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00edcones de aplicativos foi implementada.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0, que utiliza virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para isolar aplicativos\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/b4976825711241589efc1996259d5892.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> Melhorada a navega\u00e7\u00e3o pelo menu de aplicativos com o aux\u00edlio do teclado.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionado um servi\u00e7o centralizado qubes.TrayNotification para exibir notifica\u00e7\u00f5es de diferentes m\u00e1quinas virtuais.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a op\u00e7\u00e3o de iniciar o terminal com permiss\u00f5es de root atrav\u00e9s do widget Qubes Domains.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada suporte ao formato de marca\u00e7\u00e3o avan\u00e7ada (AF, Advanced Format) para trabalhar com discos com setores de 4 kilobytes.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada suporte experimental para gerenciamento de configura\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s do Ansible.\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada suporte experimental para a tecnologia Qubes Air com a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do protocolo qrexec e a possibilidade de iniciar m\u00e1quinas virtuais externas.\n<li class=\"l\"> O protetor de tela usado por padr\u00e3o foi trocado de XScreenSaver para xfce4-screensaver.\n<li class=\"l\"> Melhorado o suporte a placas de som e dispositivos de \u00e1udio com interface Bluetooth.        <\/ul>\n<p>        <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema operacional Qubes 4.3.0, que utiliza virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para isolar aplicativos\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/f73ab4b6ba8c4943e7adf57161825c3b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64471\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Qubes 4.3.0, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041e\u0421 (\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 16 \u0413\u0431 \u041e\u0417\u0423 (\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c &#8212; 6 \u0413\u0431) \u0438 64-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c CPU Intel \u0438\u043b\u0438 AMD \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 VT-x c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":152307,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-152306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 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