{"id":181741,"date":"2026-05-26T02:49:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T00:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386"},"modified":"2026-05-26T02:49:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T00:49:06","slug":"entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","title":{"rendered":"Entusiastas desmontaram o microc\u00f3digo i386 e criaram o CPU aberto z386","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/495040ba8dffef375f674e59965a66da.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p>Entusiastas <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reenigne.org\/blog\/80386-microcode-disassembled\">conseguiram<\/a> Foi poss\u00edvel extrair e desmontar o microc\u00f3digo do processador Intel 80386, que era considerado um &laquo;caixa-preta&raquo; devido \u00e0 falta de documenta\u00e7\u00e3o. A imagem bin\u00e1ria do microc\u00f3digo foi recriada com o aux\u00edlio de IA a partir de fotos do cristal em alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o, e a l\u00f3gica de opera\u00e7\u00e3o foi analisada atrav\u00e9s do rastreamento das conex\u00f5es no cristal. Gradualmente, foram determinadas a estrutura dos microcomandos (\u03bc-ops), campos, ordem de execu\u00e7\u00e3o e marcadores de fim de instru\u00e7\u00f5es. Contribui\u00e7\u00f5es do projeto <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/reenigne\/x86_microcode\/tree\/main\/80386\">foram publicados<\/a> no GitHub como dom\u00ednio p\u00fablico.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><\/p>\n<p>Foi descoberto que, no CPU 80386, cada instru\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 totalmente executada atrav\u00e9s do microc\u00f3digo, enquanto nos processadores 8086 e modernos, parte das instru\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 processada diretamente. Al\u00e9m disso, ao contr\u00e1rio dos processadores 8086, no 80386 o microc\u00f3digo n\u00e3o implementa algoritmos diretamente, mas principalmente configura aceleradores de hardware (multiplicador, divisor, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barrel_shifter\">deslocamento r\u00e1pido<\/a>, PTU (Protection Test Unit)).<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Durante a pesquisa, tamb\u00e9m foi descoberta uma poss\u00edvel vulnerabilidade de seguran\u00e7a ao processar o bitmap de permiss\u00f5es de entrada\/sa\u00edda (IO permission bitmap): durante acessos de 4 bytes \u00e0s portas, os bits de permiss\u00e3o eram verificados apenas para os primeiros 3 bytes, enquanto o acesso ao 4\u00ba byte n\u00e3o era verificado, o que teoricamente permitiria o acesso a registros de hardware que deveriam estar bloqueados.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><\/p>\n<p>Com base no microc\u00f3digo publicado <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nand2mario.github.io\/posts\/2026\/z386\">foi desenvolvido<\/a> um CPU aberto <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/nand2mario\/z386\">z386<\/a>, implementado na linguagem SystemVerilog e funcionando com o uso de FPGA. Em vez de implementar cada instru\u00e7\u00e3o na forma de um <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87\">RTL (wikipedia.org)<\/a> (n\u00edvel de transfer\u00eancia de registradores), no z386 foram implementadas estruturas de hardware controladas pelo microc\u00f3digo original. O desempenho da implementa\u00e7\u00e3o preparada \u00e9 compar\u00e1vel ao de um PC 386 r\u00e1pido (~70MHz). Sob o controle do z386, foi poss\u00edvel iniciar com sucesso o DOS 6\/7, DOS\/4GW, DOS\/32A e jogos como Doom e Cannon Fodder.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/hardware\/18300992\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 Intel 80386, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f &laquo;\u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c&raquo;. \u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c AI \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (\u03bc-ops), \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-181741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erik Peterson\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/entuziasty-dizassemblirovali-mikrokod-i386-i-sozdali-otkrytyj-cpu-z386\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n\t\t<meta 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