Em 25 de agosto de 1991, ap\u00f3s cinco meses de desenvolvimento, o estudante de 21 anos Linus Torvalds anunciou em um grupo de discuss\u00e3o do comp.os.minix a cria\u00e7\u00e3o do prot\u00f3tipo funcional de um novo sistema operacional, o Linux, para o qual foi destacado o t\u00e9rmino da portabilidade do bash 1.08 e do gcc 1.40. O primeiro lan\u00e7amento p\u00fablico do n\u00facleo Linux foi apresentado em 17 de setembro. O n\u00facleo 0.0.1 tinha um tamanho de 62 KB compactado e continha aproximadamente 10 mil linhas de c\u00f3digo-fonte. O n\u00facleo Linux moderno conta com cerca de 44 milh\u00f5es de linhas de c\u00f3digo. <\/p>\n
O n\u00facleo Linux foi criado sob a influ\u00eancia do sistema operacional MINIX, que n\u00e3o agradava Linus por conta de sua licen\u00e7a restritiva. Posteriormente, quando o Linux se tornou um projeto conhecido, detratores tentaram acusar Linus de copiar diretamente o c\u00f3digo de algumas subsistemas do MINIX. A resposta foi dada por Andrew Tanenbaum, autor do MINIX, que encarregou um de seus alunos de realizar uma compara\u00e7\u00e3o detalhada entre o c\u00f3digo do MINIX e as primeiras vers\u00f5es p\u00fablicas do Linux. Os resultados mostraram apenas quatro coincid\u00eancias n\u00e3o significativas em blocos de c\u00f3digo, devido \u00e0s exig\u00eancias do POSIX e do ANSI C. <\/p>\n
Originalmente, Linus pensou em chamar o n\u00facleo de Freax, uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o das palavras \"free\", \"freak\" e X (Unix). Contudo, o nome \"Linux\" foi dado ao n\u00facleo por Ari Lemmke, que a pedido de Linus, hospedou o n\u00facleo no servidor FTP da universidade, nomeando o diret\u00f3rio do arquivo de \"linux\" em vez de \"freax\", como Torvalds havia solicitado. \u00c9 interessante notar que o empres\u00e1rio William Della Croce conseguiu registrar a marca Linux e pretendia, com o tempo, arrecadar royalties, mas posteriormente mudou de ideia e transferiu todos os direitos da marca para Linus. O mascote oficial do n\u00facleo Linux, o pinguim Tux, foi escolhido atrav\u00e9s de um concurso realizado em 1996. O nome Tux \u00e9 uma sigla para Torvalds UniX. <\/p>\n
Din\u00e2mica de crescimento da base de c\u00f3digo (n\u00famero de linhas de c\u00f3digo-fonte) do n\u00facleo: <\/p>\n
Progresso no desenvolvimento do n\u00facleo: <\/p>\n
Cerca de 65% de todas as mudan\u00e7as no n\u00facleo foram feitas por 20 empresas mais ativas. Por exemplo, na vers\u00e3o 7.1 do n\u00facleo, 9,1% de todas as altera\u00e7\u00f5es (um ano atr\u00e1s na vers\u00e3o 6.16 foram 11,3%) foram preparadas pela Intel, 7,7% (6,3%) \u2014 Google, 5,2% (5,4%) \u2014 AMD, 5,0% (3,6%) \u2014 Qualcomm, 4,7% (7,6%) \u2014 Red Hat, 3,8% (2,4%) \u2014 NVIDIA, 3,4% (2,9%) \u2014 Meta, 2,9% (3,0%) \u2014 SUSE, 2,5% (2,9%) \u2014 Oracle, 2,1% (2,3%) \u2014 ARM, 1,4% (1,4%) \u2014 IBM, e 1,3% (2,4%) \u2014 Huawei. 18% (15,3%) das altera\u00e7\u00f5es foram preparadas por participantes independentes ou desenvolvedores que n\u00e3o declararam explicitamente sua associa\u00e7\u00e3o a determinadas empresas. Em termos de linhas de c\u00f3digo adicionadas no n\u00facleo 7.1, as empresas Meta, AMD e Qualcomm lideraram, com participa\u00e7\u00f5es de 15,8%, 13,8% e 7,6% (na vers\u00e3o 6.16, Intel, Red Hat e Google estavam no topo, com 9,2%, 7,2% e 6,9%). 25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 comp.os.minix \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f bash 1.08 \u0438 gcc 1.40. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e 0.0.1 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 62 \u041a\u0431 \u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47O n\u00facleo Linux comemorou 35 anos | ProHoster","description":"Em 25 de agosto de 1991, ap\u00f3s cinco meses de desenvolvimento, o estudante de 21 anos Linus Torvalds anunciou em uma confer\u00eancia online comp.os.minix a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um prot\u00f3tipo funcional de um novo sistema operacional Linux, para o qual foi 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Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"