{"id":184188,"date":"2026-11-08T23:41:05","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T21:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/predstavlen-kmorph-dlya-bystrogo-vosstanovleniya-posle-sboya-ili-obnovleniya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2026-11-08T23:41:09","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T21:41:09","slug":"kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","title":{"rendered":"Apresentado kmorph para recupera\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida ap\u00f3s falhas ou atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es do n\u00facleo Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Os desenvolvedores do projeto Multikernel, que permite executar v\u00e1rias inst\u00e2ncias independentes do n\u00facleo em um \u00fanico computador f\u00edsico sem hipervisor e virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o, apresentaram a ferramenta kmorph, que implementa meios para a r\u00e1pida recupera\u00e7\u00e3o ap\u00f3s uma falha do n\u00facleo Linux ou para a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00facleo em modo Live sem reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o completa. O projeto \u00e9 desenvolvido por Cong Wang, que mant\u00e9m a subsistema de controle de tr\u00e1fego (TC, Traffic Control) no n\u00facleo. O m\u00e9todo de reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida \u00e9 baseado no pr\u00e9-carregamento na mem\u00f3ria de um n\u00facleo de backup, que substitui o n\u00facleo de trabalho principal em caso de falha ou quando \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio atualizar para uma nova vers\u00e3o do n\u00facleo. <\/p>\n

A abordagem proposta permite evitar uma reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o completa e retomar o funcionamento quase instantaneamente, minimizando o tempo de inatividade. Atualmente, em caso de falha do n\u00facleo, a reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o completa de grandes servidores<\/a> leva alguns minutos devido aos longos processos de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do hardware, carregamento do ambiente do sistema e salvamento do dump de mem\u00f3ria do n\u00facleo atrav\u00e9s do mecanismo kdump. Essencialmente, ao usar o kdump, duas reinicializa\u00e7\u00f5es do n\u00facleo s\u00e3o executadas \u2014 primeiro, um inst\u00e2ncia separada do n\u00facleo \u00e9 carregada atrav\u00e9s do kexec para salvar o dump de mem\u00f3ria, ap\u00f3s o que o n\u00facleo em opera\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 carregado e os servi\u00e7os do sistema s\u00e3o iniciados.<\/p>\n

No caso de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o do kmorph em associa\u00e7\u00e3o a um n\u00facleo espec\u00edfico da CPU, um n\u00facleo Linux de backup e um ambiente de sistema m\u00ednimo s\u00e3o pr\u00e9-carregados na mem\u00f3ria, que monitora o estado do n\u00facleo principal. Em caso de travamento ou entrada em estado de p\u00e2nico do n\u00facleo principal, o ambiente de backup assume o controle, salva o despejo de mem\u00f3ria do n\u00facleo com falha, transfere para si os n\u00facleos de processador, a mem\u00f3ria, os dispositivos, a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de rede e o sistema de arquivos. <\/p>\n

A comuta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 coordenada por meio de dois programas: kmorph \u2014 que \u00e9 executado no ambiente ativo, forma o conte\u00fado do ambiente de reserva e sincroniza o estado da rede nele; kmorphd \u2014 que \u00e9 executado no ambiente de reserva e monitora o estado do ambiente ativo. Al\u00e9m da comuta\u00e7\u00e3o em caso de falha, o kmorph pode ser utilizado para atualizar o n\u00facleo sem uma reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o tradicional. Para acelerar a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o no ambiente de reserva, al\u00e9m do n\u00facleo e de um conjunto m\u00ednimo de componentes do sistema, servi\u00e7os t\u00edpicos, como o nginx, podem ser iniciados em modo de espera. Nesse caso, no momento da ativa\u00e7\u00e3o do ambiente de reserva, o servi\u00e7o nginx j\u00e1 estar\u00e1 carregado na mem\u00f3ria e come\u00e7ar\u00e1 a processar solicita\u00e7\u00f5es imediatamente ap\u00f3s a comuta\u00e7\u00e3o para o novo ambiente do cart\u00e3o de rede, ativa\u00e7\u00e3o da configura\u00e7\u00e3o de rede e troca do sistema de arquivos raiz.<\/p>\n

Nos testes realizados, o servidor com nginx, por meio do kmorph, retoma a opera\u00e7\u00e3o cerca de 2 segundos ap\u00f3s a falha do kernel, mas no futuro pretendem alcan\u00e7ar uma troca instant\u00e2nea impercept\u00edvel para os clientes conectados. Atualmente, o kmorph suporta as arquiteturas x86_64 e ARM64, e tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 em andamento o suporte para RISC-V. A integra\u00e7\u00e3o do kmorph nas distribui\u00e7\u00f5es Linux \u00e9 realizada de maneira semelhante ao suporte do kdump, atrav\u00e9s das ferramentas padr\u00e3o dracut, initramfs-tools, kernel-install e do servi\u00e7o systemd.<\/p>\n

O n\u00facleo j\u00e1 inclui os mecanismos Kexec HandOver (KHO) e Live Update Orchestrator (LUO), que permitem iniciar um novo kernel a partir de um antigo sem perda do estado do sistema e sem interromper a opera\u00e7\u00e3o dos dispositivos. Mas eles n\u00e3o podem ser aplicados em caso de falha do kernel, pois exigem a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o do estado do kernel em execu\u00e7\u00e3o. KHO e LUO tamb\u00e9m ficam atr\u00e1s do kmorph em termos de velocidade de troca, pois no kmorph o novo kernel j\u00e1 est\u00e1 na mem\u00f3ria, enquanto KHO e LUO exigem uma reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do kernel atrav\u00e9s do kexec.
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Multikernel, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 kmorph, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432 Live-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0433 \u0412\u0430\u043d\u0433 (Cong Wang), \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c (TC, Traffic Control) \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-184188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Apresentado kmorph para recupera\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida ap\u00f3s falha ou atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o do kernel Linux | ProHoster","description":"Os desenvolvedores do projeto Multikernel, que permite executar v\u00e1rias inst\u00e2ncias independentes do kernel em um \u00fanico computador f\u00edsico sem hipervisor e virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o, apresentaram a ferramenta kmorph, que implementa essas fun\u00e7\u00f5es.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pt_PT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d kmorph \u0434\u043b\u044f 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\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 kmorph, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 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