{"id":31191,"date":"2019-10-31T21:39:59","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:39:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chto-meshaet-uchit-inostrannyj-yazyk\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:39:59","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:39:59","slug":"chto-meshaet-uchit-inostrannyj-yazyk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/chto-meshaet-uchit-inostrannyj-yazyk","title":{"rendered":"O que impede o aprendizado de uma l\u00edngua estrangeira","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hoje, existem muitas metodologias bem-sucedidas para aprender ingl\u00eas. Quero contribuir com meus dois centavos de outra perspectiva: falando sobre o que dificulta o aprendizado de uma l\u00edngua. <\/p>\n<p>Uma dessas dificuldades \u00e9 que aprendemos a l\u00edngua da maneira errada. N\u00e3o me refiro \u00e0s partes do corpo, mas \u00e0s \u00e1reas do c\u00e9rebro. Na \u00e1rea pr\u00e9-frontal do c\u00e9rebro, existem as \u00e1reas de Wernicke e Broca, que est\u00e3o associadas \u00e0 percep\u00e7\u00e3o e produ\u00e7\u00e3o da fala... Nos adultos, elas s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis pela recep\u00e7\u00e3o de sinais ac\u00fasticos e pela capacidade de atividade verbal. <\/p>\n<p>As crian\u00e7as de cinco a sete anos adquirem uma nova l\u00edngua com uma surpreendente facilidade! E isso apesar de seus c\u00e9rebros ainda estarem em desenvolvimento. A forma\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00f3rtex termina por volta dos doze a quinze anos \u2013 e \u00e9 ent\u00e3o que a pessoa ganha a capacidade de construir racioc\u00ednios l\u00f3gicos completos, como se diz, 'entra na cabe\u00e7a'... Nessa \u00e9poca, as \u00e1reas de Wernicke e Broca amadurecem e come\u00e7am a ser respons\u00e1veis pela atividade verbal da pessoa. Mas o que acontece antes da matura\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00f3rtex, que n\u00f3s insistimos em sobrecarregar ao aprender uma l\u00edngua estrangeira?<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAs metodologias tradicionais de ensino de l\u00ednguas estrangeiras, por si s\u00f3, n\u00e3o s\u00e3o muito produtivas \u2013 muitos aprenderam por meio delas, mas n\u00e3o adquiriram conhecimentos. Esses m\u00e9todos d\u00e3o resultado quando, por algum motivo, conseguem ativar as \u00e1reas mais profundas do c\u00e9rebro, suas se\u00e7\u00f5es ancestrais, que as crian\u00e7as utilizam com sucesso. <\/p>\n<p>Podemos abord\u00e1-lo de forma bastante consciente ao aprender uma l\u00edngua estrangeira: ler e traduzir, enriquecer o vocabul\u00e1rio, estudar gram\u00e1tica. Mas a l\u00edngua \u00e9 assimilada (se \u00e9 que \u00e9 assimilada) em um n\u00edvel subconsciente ou inconsciente. E isso me parece um tipo de m\u00e1gica.<\/p>\n<p>Segunda interfer\u00eancia: as pr\u00f3prias metodologias de ensino de uma segunda l\u00edngua. Elas s\u00e3o copiadas das aulas de alfabetiza\u00e7\u00e3o na l\u00edngua materna. As crian\u00e7as aprendem a ler usando o alfabeto \u2014 na escola ou em casa, tudo come\u00e7a com o alfabeto, com palavras simples, depois frases, depois gram\u00e1tica, e por fim (se conseguir) chega \u00e0 estil\u00edstica... No ensino escolar, os interesses do professor (n\u00e3o como indiv\u00edduo, mas como parte do sistema educacional) s\u00e3o predominantes: quantas horas, de acordo com a metodologia aprovada, foram dedicadas a este tema, qual o resultado obtido em diversos testes... por tr\u00e1s de tudo isso est\u00e1 um controle rigoroso do tempo e dinheiro gastos. No fundo, a pr\u00f3pria l\u00edngua, o cultivo do amor por ela, a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de como ela<br \/>\nComo complemento a este ponto: como a crian\u00e7a entende que isso \u00e9 um gatinho? Que isso aqui \u00e9 uma galinha? Para um adulto, pode-se dar a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o de uma l\u00edngua para outra, relacionando palavra a palavra. No entanto, para um falante nativo, o fen\u00f4meno e o conceito se conectam de maneira diferente.<\/p>\n<p>Terceira raz\u00e3o. O grupo da renomada neurofisiologista americana Paula Tallal descobriu que cerca de 20% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o consegue acompanhar o ritmo normal da fala. (Isso inclui problemas como dislexia, disgrafia e outras dificuldades.) Essas pessoas n\u00e3o conseguem perceber e entender o que ouvem. O respons\u00e1vel pelo processo \u00e9 o cerebelo \u2014 essa 'placa-m\u00e3e' do nosso c\u00e9rebro parece incapaz de lidar com o processamento de informa\u00e7\u00f5es em tempo real. A situa\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 desesperadora: \u00e9 poss\u00edvel treinar em um ritmo mais lento e, com o tempo, alcan\u00e7ar a velocidade normal. Na maioria dos casos, isso \u00e9 poss\u00edvel. Mas \u00e9 importante saber que existem desafios que exigem abordagens especiais.<\/p>\n<p>Quarta raz\u00e3o: confus\u00e3o elementar de conceitos. Essa, para mim, foi a mais venenosa, sem d\u00favida. O que fazemos com uma segunda l\u00edngua? N\u00f3s a APRENDEMOS. Eu me sa\u00ed bem na escola com matem\u00e1tica e f\u00edsica e abordei o aprendizado de ingl\u00eas da mesma maneira. \u00c9 preciso aprender palavras e gram\u00e1tica, e quais problemas poderiam surgir se eu aprendi tudo bem e memorizei corretamente? O fato de que a atividade da fala tem uma natureza essencialmente diferente e, pela sua fisiologia, \u00e9 muito mais diversificada do que constru\u00e7\u00f5es especulativas (sem ofensa) s\u00f3 foi percebido por mim muitos anos depois.<\/p>\n<p>Quinta raz\u00e3o \u2013 que se sobrep\u00f5e em parte \u00e0 quarta. \u00c9 o ego. Se eu conhe\u00e7o as palavras e a gram\u00e1tica, por que repetir v\u00e1rias vezes a mesma frase lida? ('Eu sou um idiota?'). Isso feriu meu orgulho. No entanto, dominar uma l\u00edngua n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas conhecer, mas sim desenvolver uma habilidade que s\u00f3 pode ser formada atrav\u00e9s de repeti\u00e7\u00f5es constantes, especialmente sem cr\u00edticas direcionadas a si mesmo. Um aspecto psicol\u00f3gico \u2014 a redu\u00e7\u00e3o da autorreflex\u00e3o \u2014 tamb\u00e9m frequentemente pesa sobre os adultos. Para mim, reduzir a autocr\u00edtica foi dif\u00edcil.<\/p>\n<p>Resumindo, gostaria de saber sobre sua experi\u00eancia em aprender ingl\u00eas (estou tentando elaborar uma metodologia de aprendizado de idiomas que possa superar as limita\u00e7\u00f5es mencionadas e outras poss\u00edveis). Surge a pergunta: qu\u00e3o relevante \u00e9 para um programador dominar o ingl\u00eas al\u00e9m do m\u00ednimo profissional, cuja compreens\u00e3o \u00e9 simplesmente inevit\u00e1vel? Qu\u00e3o importante \u00e9 um dom\u00ednio mais amplo do idioma considerando viagens, mudan\u00e7as de localiza\u00e7\u00e3o ou o tempo em ambientes culturais onde o ingl\u00eas pode ser suficiente para comunica\u00e7\u00e3o?<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/447464\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b: \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0445 \u2013 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0420\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u0430 \u043e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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Quero contribuir com minha vis\u00e3o diferente: falar sobre o que dificulta o aprendizado da l\u00edngua. Um desses obst\u00e1culos \u00e9 que muitas vezes aprendemos de forma inadequada.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/chto-meshaet-uchit-inostrannyj-yazyk","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pt_PT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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