{"id":31519,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","slug":"elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","title":{"rendered":"A estimula\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica do c\u00e9rebro ajudou a mem\u00f3ria de idosos a alcan\u00e7ar a dos jovens","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Desde o tratamento da depress\u00e3o at\u00e9 a redu\u00e7\u00e3o das consequ\u00eancias da doen\u00e7a de Parkinson e o despertar de pacientes em estado vegetativo, a estimula\u00e7\u00e3o cerebral por meio de corrente el\u00e9trica possui um imenso potencial. Um dos novos estudos focou em interromper a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da capacidade cognitiva, melhorando a mem\u00f3ria e as habilidades de aprendizado. Um experimento realizado por cientistas da Universidade de Boston demonstrou uma t\u00e9cnica n\u00e3o invasiva capaz de restaurar a mem\u00f3ria de trabalho em idosos de 70 anos, a ponto de se igualar \u00e0 dos indiv\u00edduos de 20 anos.<\/p>\n

Em muitos estudos sobre estimula\u00e7\u00e3o cerebral, utilizam-se eletrodos implantados em determinadas \u00e1reas do c\u00e9rebro para entregar impulsos el\u00e9tricos. Este procedimento \u00e9 chamado de \"estimula\u00e7\u00e3o cerebral profunda\" ou \"estimula\u00e7\u00e3o direta\" e tem suas vantagens devido ao posicionamento preciso da interven\u00e7\u00e3o. No entanto, a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de eletrodos no c\u00e9rebro \u00e9 bastante impr\u00e1tica e, por si s\u00f3, envolve riscos de inflama\u00e7\u00e3o ou infec\u00e7\u00e3o se n\u00e3o forem seguidas todas as normas operacionais.<\/p>\n

Uma alternativa \u00e9 a estimula\u00e7\u00e3o indireta por meio de um m\u00e9todo n\u00e3o invasivo (n\u00e3o cir\u00fargico) usando eletrodos localizados no couro cabeludo, o que permite realizar tais manipula\u00e7\u00f5es at\u00e9 mesmo em casa. Foi com esse m\u00e9todo que Rob Reinhart, neurobiologista da Universidade de Boston, decidiu trabalhar, na tentativa de melhorar a mem\u00f3ria de idosos, que geralmente se deteriora com a idade.<\/p>\n

\"A
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

Para ser mais preciso, seus experimentos foram totalmente focados na mem\u00f3ria de trabalho, que \u00e9 ativada, por exemplo, quando lembramos o que precisamos comprar no supermercado ou tentamos encontrar as chaves do carro. Segundo Reinhart, a mem\u00f3ria de trabalho pode come\u00e7ar a se deteriorar j\u00e1 aos 30 anos, pois diferentes regi\u00f5es do c\u00e9rebro come\u00e7am a perder sua conex\u00e3o e se tornam menos coerentes. Quando chegamos aos 60 ou 70 anos, essa incoer\u00eancia pode levar a uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o significativa das fun\u00e7\u00f5es cognitivas.<\/p>\n

O cientista descobriu uma maneira de restaurar as conex\u00f5es neuronais comprometidas. O m\u00e9todo baseia-se em dois elementos do funcionamento cerebral. O primeiro \u00e9 a \"cplagem\", onde diferentes partes do c\u00e9rebro s\u00e3o ativadas em uma sequ\u00eancia definida, como uma orquestra afinada. O segundo \u00e9 a \"sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o\", onde ritmos mais lentos, conhecidos como ritmos theta e associados ao hipocampo, s\u00e3o sincronizados adequadamente. Ambas essas fun\u00e7\u00f5es pioram com a idade e afetam a mem\u00f3ria.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/p>\n

Para seu experimento, Reinhart envolveu um grupo de jovens com cerca de 20 anos, bem como um grupo de idosos entre 60 e 70 anos. Cada grupo deveria realizar uma s\u00e9rie espec\u00edfica de tarefas, que envolviam a visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de uma imagem, uma pausa, a visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de uma segunda imagem e, em seguida, recordar as diferen\u00e7as entre elas.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o \u00e9 surpreendente que o grupo experimental mais jovem tenha se sa\u00eddo muito melhor do que o mais velho. Mas ent\u00e3o Reinhart aplicou 25 minutos de estimula\u00e7\u00e3o suave no c\u00f3rtex cerebral dos idosos, com impulsos ajustados aos contornos nervosos de cada paciente, de acordo com a \u00e1rea do c\u00f3rtex respons\u00e1vel pela mem\u00f3ria de trabalho. Ap\u00f3s isso, os grupos continuaram a realizar as tarefas, e a diferen\u00e7a na precis\u00e3o das respostas entre eles desapareceu. O efeito durou pelo menos 50 minutos ap\u00f3s a estimula\u00e7\u00e3o. Al\u00e9m disso, Reinhart descobriu que poderia melhorar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o da mem\u00f3ria at\u00e9 mesmo em jovens que n\u00e3o se sa\u00edram bem nas tarefas.<\/p>\n

\"Descobrimos que participantes de 20 anos que enfrentaram dificuldades na execu\u00e7\u00e3o de tarefas tamb\u00e9m puderam se beneficiar da mesma estimula\u00e7\u00e3o\", diz Reinhart. \"Conseguimos melhorar sua mem\u00f3ria operacional, mesmo que eles n\u00e3o tivessem mais de 60 ou 70 anos.\"<\/p>\n

Reinhart espera continuar a estudar como a estimula\u00e7\u00e3o cerebral pode melhorar o funcionamento do c\u00e9rebro humano, especialmente para aqueles que sofrem da doen\u00e7a de Alzheimer.<\/p>\n

\"Isso abre novas oportunidades para pesquisa e tratamento\", diz ele. \"E estamos muito animados com isso.\"<\/p>\n

O estudo foi publicado na revista Nature Neuroscience.<\/p>\n

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Fonte: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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