{"id":32111,"date":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:45:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:45:14","slug":"nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/nauka-logiki-v-programmirovanii","title":{"rendered":"A ci\u00eancia da l\u00f3gica na programa\u00e7\u00e3o","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A ci\u00eancia da l\u00f3gica na programa\u00e7\u00e3o\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3f4ea4ccd01e4dd17cb9348e35b80752.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 dedicado \u00e0 an\u00e1lise comparativa das entidades l\u00f3gicas da obra do fil\u00f3sofo alem\u00e3o Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 'Ci\u00eancia da L\u00f3gica', com seus an\u00e1logos ou a falta deles na programa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>As entidades de 'Ci\u00eancia da L\u00f3gica' est\u00e3o destacadas em it\u00e1lico para evitar confus\u00e3o com as defini\u00e7\u00f5es comuns dessas palavras.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"chistoe-bytie\">Ser puro<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se voc\u00ea abrir a defini\u00e7\u00e3o <em>ser puro<\/em> No livro, voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 uma linha interessante que diz 'sem defini\u00e7\u00e3o adicional'. Mas, para aqueles que n\u00e3o leram ou n\u00e3o entenderam, n\u00e3o se apresse em acusar o autor de dem\u00eancia. <em>Ser puro<\/em> \u2014 \u00e9 um conceito b\u00e1sico na l\u00f3gica de Hegel que significa que algum objeto \u00e9, por favor, n\u00e3o confunda com a exist\u00eancia do objeto, o objeto pode n\u00e3o existir na realidade, mas se n\u00f3s de alguma forma o definimos em nossa l\u00f3gica, ele existe. Se voc\u00ea refletir, realmente tais coisas como <em>ser puro<\/em> \u00e9 imposs\u00edvel dar uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o, e qualquer tentativa se resumir\u00e1 ao fato de que voc\u00ea estar\u00e1 apenas referenciando seus sin\u00f4nimos ou ant\u00f4nimos. <em>Ser puro<\/em> um conceito t\u00e3o abstrato que pode ser aplicado a absolutamente qualquer coisa, incluindo a si mesmo. Em algumas linguagens orientadas a objetos, existe a possibilidade de representar como um objeto tudo o que for, incluindo opera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre objetos, o que, por princ\u00edpio, nos d\u00e1 tal n\u00edvel de abstra\u00e7\u00e3o. No entanto, na programa\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o existe um an\u00e1logo direto de <em>ser puro<\/em> . Para verificar a exist\u00eancia de um objeto, precisamos verificar sua aus\u00eancia.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">if(obj != null);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Estranho que n\u00e3o haja tal a\u00e7\u00facar sint\u00e1tico ainda, considerando que esta verifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 bastante popular.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nichto\">Nada<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Como se poderia imaginar <em>nada<\/em> \u00e9 a aus\u00eancia de qualquer coisa. E seu an\u00e1logo pode ser chamado de NULL. Vale ressaltar que, na l\u00f3gica, <em>nada<\/em> \u00e9 <em>ser puro<\/em>, porque tamb\u00e9m existe. Essa \u00e9 uma certa complica\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o podemos nos referir a NULL como um objeto em nenhuma linguagem, embora na ess\u00eancia tamb\u00e9m seja.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"stanovlenie-i-momenty\">To become and moments<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Tornar-se<\/em> \u2014 \u00e9 a transi\u00e7\u00e3o de <em>nada<\/em> em <em>ser<\/em> e de <em>ser.<\/em> em <em>nada<\/em>Isso nos d\u00e1 dois <em>momentos<\/em>, o primeiro \u00e9 chamado de <em>emerg\u00eancia<\/em>, e o segundo <em>transcend\u00eancia.<\/em>. <em>Transcend\u00eancia<\/em> \u00e9 chamado assim em vez de desaparecimento, porque a entidade l\u00f3gica, na ess\u00eancia, n\u00e3o pode desaparecer, a menos que a olvidemos. <em>Supera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/em> podemos chamar o procedimento de atribui\u00e7\u00e3o. No caso, quando inicializamos um objeto, ocorre <em>o momento da cria\u00e7\u00e3o<\/em>, e no caso de atribu\u00edmos outro valor ou NULL <em>o momento da destrui\u00e7\u00e3o<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">obj = new object(); \/\/cria\u00e7\u00e3o\nobj = null; \/\/destrui\u00e7\u00e3o<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"nalichnoe-bytie\">Exist\u00eancia atual<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Em resumo <em>exist\u00eancia atual<\/em> \u2014 \u00e9 um objeto que n\u00e3o possui uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o clara, mas tem <em>defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/em>. O que isso significa. Um exemplo can\u00f4nico \u00e9 uma simples cadeira. Se voc\u00ea tentar dar a ela uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o clara, encontrar\u00e1 muitas dificuldades. Por exemplo, voc\u00ea dir\u00e1: '\u00e9 um m\u00f3vel destinado a sentar-se', mas uma poltrona tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 feita para isso, etc. Mas a falta de uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o clara n\u00e3o impede que a reconhe\u00e7amos no espa\u00e7o e a usemos ao transmitir informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre ela, isso porque em nossas mentes h\u00e1 <em>defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/em> a cadeira. Talvez alguns j\u00e1 tenham percebido que para destacar tais objetos do fluxo de dados, redes neurais foram criadas. Uma rede neural pode ser definida como uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o que determina isso <em>defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/em>, mas n\u00e3o existem tipos de objetos que incluam defini\u00e7\u00f5es claras e vagas, portanto, n\u00e3o podemos usar esses objetos no mesmo n\u00edvel de abstra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"zakon-perehoda-kolichestvennyh-izmeneniy-v-kachestvennye\">A Lei da Transi\u00e7\u00e3o de Mudan\u00e7as Quantitativas em Qualitativas<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Essa lei foi formulada por Friedrich Engels como resultado da interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o da l\u00f3gica de Hegel. No entanto, pode-se claramente v\u00ea-la no primeiro volume no cap\u00edtulo sobre <em>medida<\/em>. A ess\u00eancia dela \u00e9 que <em>mudan\u00e7as quantitativas<\/em> em um objeto podem afetar sua <em>qualidade<\/em>. Por exemplo, temos um objeto, gelo, que ao acumular temperatura se transforma em \u00e1gua l\u00edquida e muda suas <em>qualidades<\/em>. Para implementar esse comportamento em um objeto, existe o padr\u00e3o de design 'Estado'. A emerg\u00eancia dessa solu\u00e7\u00e3o foi causada pela falta na programa\u00e7\u00e3o de algo como <em>fundamento<\/em> para <em>da cria\u00e7\u00e3o<\/em> de um objeto. <em>O fundamento<\/em> define as condi\u00e7\u00f5es nas quais um objeto pode ser criado, e no algoritmo decidimos em que momento precisamos inicializar o objeto.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>PS:<\/strong> Se esta informa\u00e7\u00e3o for interessante, farei uma revis\u00e3o de outras entidades de 'Ci\u00eancia da L\u00f3gica'.<\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448948\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044f &#171;\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438&#187; \u0441 \u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 &#171;\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438&#187; 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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