{"id":32661,"date":"2019-10-31T21:48:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chillernoe-ohlazhdenie-tsod-kakoj-teplonositel-vybrat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:48:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:16","slug":"chillernoe-ohlazhdenie-tsod-kakoj-teplonositel-vybrat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chillernoe-ohlazhdenie-tsod-kakoj-teplonositel-vybrat","title":{"rendered":"Refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o de data centers: qual fluido refrigerante escolher?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Para o resfriamento em centros de dados, geralmente s\u00e3o instalados sistemas centralizados multi-zonas com m\u00e1quinas de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o a \u00e1gua (chillers). Eles s\u00e3o mais eficientes do que os condicionadores de ar a freon, pois o fluido refrigerante que circula entre as unidades externas e internas n\u00e3o se transforma em estado gasoso, e o bloco compressor-condensador do chiller \u00e9 acionado apenas quando a temperatura atinge um determinado n\u00edvel. Uma das quest\u00f5es mais importantes no projeto de um sistema de chiller \u00e9: qual fluido refrigerante \u00e9 melhor utilizar? Pode ser \u00e1gua ou uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o aquosa de \u00e1lcoois polihidroxilados - propilenoglicol ou etilenoglicol. Vamos analisar as vantagens e desvantagens de cada op\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

F\u00edsica e qu\u00edmica<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Do ponto de vista das propriedades f\u00edsicas (capacidade t\u00e9rmica, densidade, viscosidade cinem\u00e1tica), a \u00e1gua \u00e9 considerada o fluido refrigerante ideal. Al\u00e9m disso, pode ser facilmente despejada no solo ou no esgoto. Infelizmente, em nossas latitudes, a \u00e1gua \u00e9 utilizada apenas em ambientes internos, pois congela a 0 \u00b0C. A densidade do fluido refrigerante diminui, enquanto o volume ocupado aumenta. O processo ocorre de maneira n\u00e3o uniforme, e n\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel compens\u00e1-lo com um tanque de expans\u00e3o. As \u00e1reas de congelamento ficam isoladas, aumentando a press\u00e3o est\u00e1tica nas paredes dos tubos, e, no final, ocorre uma ruptura. As solu\u00e7\u00f5es aquosas de \u00e1lcoois polihidroxilados n\u00e3o t\u00eam essas desvantagens. Elas congelam a temperaturas muito mais baixas, sem formar \u00e1reas localizadas. Sua densidade durante a cristaliza\u00e7\u00e3o diminui em menor grau do que durante a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua em gelo, o que significa que o aumento de volume n\u00e3o \u00e9 t\u00e3o significativo - mesmo as solu\u00e7\u00f5es aquosas de glic\u00f3is congeladas n\u00e3o destroem os tubos.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Os clientes frequentemente optam pelo propileno glicol, pois ele n\u00e3o \u00e9 t\u00f3xico. Na verdade, \u00e9 um aditivo alimentar permitido, E1520, utilizado na panifica\u00e7\u00e3o e em outros produtos aliment\u00edcios como agente retentor de umidade. \u00c9 utilizado em produtos cosm\u00e9ticos e em muitos outros lugares. Se o sistema for preenchido com uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o aquosa de propileno glicol, n\u00e3o s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias medidas especiais de precau\u00e7\u00e3o: o cliente precisar\u00e1 apenas de um reservat\u00f3rio adicional para compensar vazamentos. Trabalhar com etileno glicol \u00e9 mais complicado \u2013 essa subst\u00e2ncia \u00e9 considerada moderadamente t\u00f3xica (terceira classe de perigo). Sua concentra\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e1xima permitida no ar \u00e9 de 5 mg\/m3, mas devido \u00e0 baixa volatividade em temperatura normal, intoxicado com os vapores deste \u00e1lcool polivalente pode ocorrer apenas se respirar por longos per\u00edodos.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

As coisas s\u00e3o piores em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos efluentes: a \u00e1gua e o propileno glicol n\u00e3o precisam de descarte, mas a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de etileno glicol em corpos d'\u00e1gua de uso comum n\u00e3o deve exceder 1 mg\/l. Por isso, os propriet\u00e1rios de centros de dados ter\u00e3o que incluir em seu or\u00e7amento sistemas especiais de drenagem, tanques isolados e\/ou um sistema de dilui\u00e7\u00e3o do fluido refrigerante com \u00e1gua: simplesmente despej\u00e1-lo no esgoto n\u00e3o \u00e9 permitido. Os volumes de \u00e1gua para dilui\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o centenas de vezes maiores que os volumes do fluido refrigerante, e derram\u00e1-lo no solo ou no piso \u00e9 altamente indesej\u00e1vel \u2013 o \u00e1lcool polivalente t\u00f3xico precisa ser removido com uma grande quantidade de \u00e1gua. No entanto, a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de etileno glicol em sistemas modernos de climatiza\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 de data centers<\/a> tamb\u00e9m bastante segura quando todas as medidas necess\u00e1rias de precau\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o seguidas.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Economia<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

A \u00e1gua pode ser considerada praticamente gratuita em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o custo dos fluidos t\u00e9rmicos \u00e0 base de \u00e1lcoois polihidroxilados. A solu\u00e7\u00e3o aquosa de propilenoglicol para sistemas de chiller e fan coil \u00e9 bastante cara \u2013 custa cerca de 80 rublos por litro. Considerando a necessidade de trocas peri\u00f3dicas do fluido t\u00e9rmico, isso resulta em quantias significativas. O pre\u00e7o da solu\u00e7\u00e3o aquosa de etilenoglicol \u00e9 quase metade, mas com ela \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio incluir no or\u00e7amento tamb\u00e9m os custos de descarte, que, no entanto, s\u00e3o relativamente baixos. Existem nuances relacionadas \u00e0 viscosidade e \u00e0 capacidade t\u00e9rmica: o fluido t\u00e9rmico \u00e0 base de propilenoglicol requer uma press\u00e3o mais alta, gerada pela bomba de circula\u00e7\u00e3o. De maneira geral, os custos de opera\u00e7\u00e3o de um sistema com etilenoglicol s\u00e3o significativamente mais baixos, ent\u00e3o esta op\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 frequentemente escolhida, apesar de alguma toxicidade do fluido t\u00e9rmico. Outra alternativa para reduzir custos \u00e9 o uso de um sistema de circuito duplo com trocador de calor, onde, nos ambientes internos com temperatura positiva, circula \u00e1gua comum, enquanto para fora o calor \u00e9 transferido por uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o glic\u00f3lica n\u00e3o congelante. A efici\u00eancia desse sistema \u00e9 um pouco menor, mas os volumes de fluido t\u00e9rmico caro s\u00e3o significativamente reduzidos.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Resultados<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Na verdade, todas as op\u00e7\u00f5es de sistemas de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o mencionadas (exceto os sistemas puramente aqu\u00e1ticos, que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o vi\u00e1veis em nossas latitudes) t\u00eam sua justificativa. A escolha depende do custo total de propriedade, que deve ser calculado em cada caso espec\u00edfico j\u00e1 na fase de projeto. A \u00fanica coisa que n\u00e3o se deve fazer, de maneira alguma, \u00e9 mudar o conceito quando o projeto j\u00e1 est\u00e1 praticamente pronto. E, ainda mais, n\u00e3o se pode alterar o fluido t\u00e9rmico quando a montagem dos sistemas de engenharia do futuro data center j\u00e1 est\u00e1 em andamento. Idas e vindas causar\u00e3o despesas s\u00e9rias, portanto, a escolha deve ser feita de uma vez por todas.<\/p>\n

Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438). \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0447\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o por chiller em data centers: qual fluido t\u00e9rmico escolher? | ProHoster","description":"Para refrigerar os centros de dados, geralmente s\u00e3o instalados sistemas centralizados de multi-zonas com m\u00e1quinas de resfriamento a \u00e1gua (chillers).","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chillernoe-ohlazhdenie-tsod-kakoj-teplonositel-vybrat","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pt_PT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0427\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0426\u041e\u0414: \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c? | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438).","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chillernoe-ohlazhdenie-tsod-kakoj-teplonositel-vybrat","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T18:48:16+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T18:48:16+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"32661","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-21 11:58:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 02:54:27","updated":"2026-01-21 11:58:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32661"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":164524,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32661\/revisions\/164524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}