{"id":32889,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:33","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/dostupen-paketnyj-menedzher-gnu-guix-1-0-i-distributiv-guixsd-na-ego-osnove\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:33","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:33","slug":"dostupen-paketnyj-menedzher-gnu-guix-1-0-i-distributiv-guixsd-na-ego-osnove","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/dostupen-paketnyj-menedzher-gnu-guix-1-0-i-distributiv-guixsd-na-ego-osnove","title":{"rendered":"Est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel o gerenciador de pacotes GNU Guix 1.0 e a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o GuixSD baseada nele","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49735\">Aconteceu<\/a><\/noindex> o lan\u00e7amento do gerenciador de pacotes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/guix\/\">GNU Guix 1.0<\/a><\/noindex> e do sistema operacional baseado nele GuixSD GNU\/Linux (Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o do Sistema Guix). A significativa mudan\u00e7a de vers\u00e3o se deve \u00e0 conclus\u00e3o da implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de todas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.savannah.gnu.org\/cgit\/guix\/maintenance.git\/tree\/doc\/1.0.org\">as metas<\/a><\/noindex>, estabelecidas para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o do lan\u00e7amento significativo. O lan\u00e7amento resulta de sete anos de trabalho no projeto e \u00e9 considerado pronto para uso di\u00e1rio. Para download <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ftp.gnu.org\/gnu\/guix\/\">s\u00e3o formadas<\/a><\/noindex> imagens para instala\u00e7\u00e3o em USB Flash (243 MB) e para uso em sistemas de virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o (474 MB). A opera\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 suportada nas arquiteturas i686, x86_64, armv7 e aarch64.<\/p>\n<p>A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o permite a instala\u00e7\u00e3o tanto como <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/guix\/manual\/html_node\/System-Installation.html\">um sistema operacional independente<\/a><\/noindex> em sistemas de virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o, containers e em hardware comum, quanto ao <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/guix\/manual\/html_node\/Installation.html\">in\u00edcio<\/a><\/noindex> em distribui\u00e7\u00f5es GNU\/Linux j\u00e1 instaladas, atuando como uma plataforma para o desenvolvimento de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es. Os usu\u00e1rios t\u00eam acesso a fun\u00e7\u00f5es como controle de depend\u00eancias, compila\u00e7\u00f5es reprodut\u00edveis, opera\u00e7\u00e3o sem root, revers\u00e3o para vers\u00f5es anteriores em caso de problemas, gerenciamento de configura\u00e7\u00e3o, clonagem de ambientes (cria\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3pias exatas do ambiente de software em outros computadores), etc.<\/p>\n<p>Principais <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/guix\/blog\/2019\/gnu-guix-1.0.0-released\/\">novidades<\/a><\/noindex>:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Um novo recurso de <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/guix\/manual\/en\/html_node\/Guided-Graphical-Installation.html\">um instalador interativo<\/a><\/noindex>, que funciona em modo texto;\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/guix\/manual\/en\/html_node\/images\/installer-partitions.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel o gerenciador de pacotes GNU Guix 1.0 e a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o GuixSD baseada nele\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8e3ebeb5313ecdf2ab81f2791b51c25b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/guix\/manual\/en\/html_node\/Running-GuixSD-in-a-VM.html\">Preparado<\/a><\/noindex> uma nova imagem para m\u00e1quinas virtuais, adequada tanto para familiariza\u00e7\u00e3o com a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o quanto para cria\u00e7\u00e3o de ambientes de trabalho para desenvolvimento;\n<li class=\"l\"> Novos servi\u00e7os de sistema foram adicionados: cups-pk-helper, imap4d, inputattach, localed, nslcd, zabbix-agent e zabbix-server;\n<li class=\"l\"> As vers\u00f5es dos programas em 2104 pacotes foram atualizadas, e 1102 novos pacotes foram adicionados. Entre eles, as vers\u00f5es de clojure 1.10.0, cups 2.2.11, emacs 26.2, gcc 8.3.0, gdb 8.2.1, ghc 8.4.3,<br \/>\n gimp 2.10.10, glibc 2.28, gnome 3.28.2, gnupg 2.2.15, go 1.12.1,<br \/>\n guile 2.2.4, icecat 60.6.1-guix1, icedtea 3.7.0, inkscape 0.92.4,<br \/>\n libreoffice 6.1.5.2, linux-libre 5.0.10, mate 1.22.0, ocaml 4.07.1,<br \/>\n octave 5.1.0, openjdk 11.28, python 3.7.0, rust 1.34.0, r 3.6.0,<br \/>\n sbcl 1.5.1, shepherd 0.6.0, xfce 4.12.1 e xorg-server 1.20.4;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> O gerenciador de servi\u00e7os GNU Shepherd foi atualizado para a vers\u00e3o <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50563\">0.6<\/a><\/noindex>, que implementou o modo de opera\u00e7\u00e3o one-shot, no qual o servi\u00e7o \u00e9 marcado como parado imediatamente ap\u00f3s um in\u00edcio bem-sucedido, o que pode ser necess\u00e1rio para executar tarefas \u00fanicas antes de outros servi\u00e7os, como limpeza ou inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o;\n<li class=\"l\"> Para o comando &#171;guix package&#187;, foram adicionados aliases t\u00edpicos de outros gerenciadores de pacotes, como &#171;install&#187;, &#171;remove&#187;, &#171;upgrade&#187; e &#171;search&#187;. Para buscar um pacote, voc\u00ea pode usar o comando &#171;guix search&#187;, para instala\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;guix install&#187;, e para atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;guix pull&#187; e &#171;guix upgrade&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> O gerenciador de pacotes recebeu um indicador de progresso para opera\u00e7\u00f5es e destaque colorido para mensagens de diagn\u00f3stico. Por padr\u00e3o, a maioria dos comandos agora \u00e9 executada sem sa\u00edda detalhada na tela, que pode ser ativada com a op\u00e7\u00e3o separada &#171;-v&#187; (&#8212;verbosity);\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionada ao gerenciador de pacotes guix um novo comando &#171;guix system delete-generations&#187; e as op\u00e7\u00f5es &#171;guix pack &#8212;save-provenance&#187;, &#171;guix pull &#8212;news&#187;, &#171;guix environment &#8212;preserve&#187;, &#171;guix gc &#8212;list-roots&#187;, &#171;guix gc &#8212;delete-generations&#187;, &#171;guix weather &#8212;coverage&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Novas op\u00e7\u00f5es adicionadas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/guix\/manual\/en\/html_node\/Package-Transformation-Options.html\">de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes<\/a><\/noindex> &#171;&#8212;with-git-url&#187; e &#171;&#8212;with-branch&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Foram adicionados ao distribuidor os campos de configura\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;keyboard-layout&#187; para definir o layout do teclado, &#171;xorg-configuration&#187; para configurar o servidor X, &#171;label&#187; para rotular a parti\u00e7\u00e3o e &#171;essential-services&#187; para definir os servi\u00e7os essenciais;\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionada a comando &#171;guix pack -RR&#187; para criar arquivos tar com execut\u00e1veis m\u00f3veis, que podem ser executados relativos aos caminhos no espa\u00e7o de nomes do usu\u00e1rio, assim como em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao PRoot;\n<li class=\"l\"> No &#171;guix pull&#187;, foi garantida a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de cache de pacotes para acelerar opera\u00e7\u00f5es de busca pelo nome e a inclus\u00e3o do pacote &#171;glibc-utf8-locales&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Garantida total reprodutibilidade (bit a bit) das imagens ISO geradas pelo comando &#171;guix system&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> O GDM foi escolhido como gerenciador de login em vez do SLiM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Apoio \u00e0 constru\u00e7\u00e3o do Guix usando Guile 2.0 foi encerrado.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lembramos que o gerenciador de pacotes GNU Guix baseia-se nos resultados do projeto <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nixos.org\/nix\/\">Nix<\/a><\/noindex> e, al\u00e9m das fun\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00edpicas de gerenciamento de pacotes, suporta recursos como atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es transacionais, a capacidade de reverter atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es, opera\u00e7\u00e3o sem privil\u00e9gios de superusu\u00e1rio, suporte a perfis vinculados a usu\u00e1rios espec\u00edficos, instala\u00e7\u00e3o simult\u00e2nea de v\u00e1rias vers\u00f5es do mesmo programa e ferramentas de limpeza para identificar e remover vers\u00f5es n\u00e3o utilizadas de pacotes. Para determinar cen\u00e1rios de constru\u00e7\u00e3o de aplicativos e regras de forma\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes, \u00e9 recomendado utilizar uma linguagem de alto n\u00edvel orientada a dom\u00ednio especializada e componentes da Guile Scheme API, que permitem realizar todas as opera\u00e7\u00f5es de gerenciamento de pacotes em uma linguagem de programa\u00e7\u00e3o funcional Scheme. <\/p>\n<p>A possibilidade de usar pacotes preparados para o gerenciador de pacotes Nix e dispon\u00edveis no reposit\u00f3rio \u00e9 suportada.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nixos.org\/nixpkgs\/\">Nixpkgs<\/a><\/noindex>. Al\u00e9m das opera\u00e7\u00f5es com pacotes, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel criar scripts para gerenciar a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de aplicativos. Ao construir um pacote, todas as depend\u00eancias relacionadas s\u00e3o automaticamente carregadas e compiladas. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel tanto carregar pacotes bin\u00e1rios prontos do reposit\u00f3rio quanto compilar a partir dos textos-fonte com todas as depend\u00eancias. Ferramentas foram implementadas para manter as vers\u00f5es dos programas instalados atualizadas, organizando a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es a partir de reposit\u00f3rios externos. <\/p>\n<p>O ambiente de montagem para pacotes \u00e9 formado como um cont\u00eainer que cont\u00e9m todos os componentes necess\u00e1rios para o funcionamento das aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, permitindo a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um conjunto de pacotes que pode operar independentemente da composi\u00e7\u00e3o do ambiente de sistema base da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, na qual o Guix \u00e9 utilizado como uma camada. Entre os pacotes do Guix, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel definir depend\u00eancias, e para verificar a exist\u00eancia de depend\u00eancias j\u00e1 instaladas, \u00e9 utilizado um escaneamento de hashes-identificadores no diret\u00f3rio dos pacotes instalados. Os pacotes s\u00e3o instalados em uma \u00e1rvore de diret\u00f3rios separada ou uma subdiret\u00f3rio no diret\u00f3rio do usu\u00e1rio, o que permite o seu coexist\u00eancia paralela com outros gerenciadores de pacotes e garante suporte a uma ampla gama de distribui\u00e7\u00f5es existentes. Por exemplo, um pacote \u00e9 instalado como \/nix\/store\/f42d5878f3a0b426064a2b64a0c6f92-firefox-66.0.0\/, onde \"f42d58...\" \u00e9 o identificador \u00fanico do pacote, usado para controle de depend\u00eancias. <\/p>\n<p>A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o inclui apenas componentes livres e \u00e9 fornecida com o n\u00facleo GNU Linux-Libre, limpo de elementos n\u00e3o livres de bin\u00e1rios de firmware. Para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o, o GCC 8.3 \u00e9 utilizado. O sistema de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o emprega um gerenciador de servi\u00e7os. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/shepherd\/\">GNU Shepherd<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/shepherd\/#history\">ex dmd<\/a><\/noindex>), desenvolvido como uma alternativa ao SysV-init com suporte a depend\u00eancias. O daemon de gerenciamento e as utilidades do Shepherd s\u00e3o escritas na linguagem Guile (uma das implementa\u00e7\u00f5es da linguagem Scheme), que tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 usada para definir os par\u00e2metros de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o dos servi\u00e7os. A imagem base suporta opera\u00e7\u00e3o em modo console, mas para instala\u00e7\u00e3o <noindex>foi preparado<\/noindex>  9714 pacotes prontos, incluindo componentes da pilha gr\u00e1fica baseada em X.Org, gerenciadores de janelas dwm e ratpoison, a \u00e1rea de trabalho Xfce, bem como uma sele\u00e7\u00e3o de aplicativos gr\u00e1ficos. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50619\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 GNU Guix 1.0 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 GuixSD GNU\/Linux (Guix System Distribution). \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430. \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0451\u043b \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 USB Flash [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24655,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 GNU Guix.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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