{"id":33046,"date":"2019-10-31T21:50:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vizualnoe-programmirovanie-dlya-sonoff-basic\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:50:27","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:27","slug":"vizualnoe-programmirovanie-dlya-sonoff-basic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vizualnoe-programmirovanie-dlya-sonoff-basic","title":{"rendered":"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/0682cb274648d8a8d16b17bced0116d7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nUm artigo sobre como transformar um dispositivo chin\u00eas barato em um controlador l\u00f3gico program\u00e1vel. Este dispositivo pode ser utilizado tanto na automa\u00e7\u00e3o residencial quanto em aulas pr\u00e1ticas de inform\u00e1tica escolar.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<em>Para refer\u00eancia, por padr\u00e3o, o programa Sonoff Basic funciona com um aplicativo m\u00f3vel atrav\u00e9s de um servi\u00e7o em nuvem chin\u00eas. Ap\u00f3s a modifica\u00e7\u00e3o proposta, toda intera\u00e7\u00e3o futura com este dispositivo ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel atrav\u00e9s do navegador.<\/em> <\/p>\n<h2>Se\u00e7\u00e3o I. Conectando o Sonoff ao servi\u00e7o MGT24<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Passo 1. Criando o painel de controle<\/h3>\n<p>\nRegistre-se no site <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/mgt24.ru\">mgt24<\/a><\/noindex> (se ainda n\u00e3o estiver registrado) e fa\u00e7a login em sua conta.<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Login<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/e9b310a7cb7d2da90ac8161407944a8c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPara criar um painel de controle para um novo dispositivo, clique no bot\u00e3o &#171;+&#187;.<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Exemplo de cria\u00e7\u00e3o de painel<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/dc10d7009ea65c72714c2ccd2314ed0b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDepois que o painel for criado, ele aparecer\u00e1 na lista dos seus pain\u00e9is.<\/p>\n<p>Na aba \u201cInstala\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d do painel criado, encontre os campos \u201cID do dispositivo\u201d e \u201cChave de autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, pois essas informa\u00e7\u00f5es ser\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias ao configurar o dispositivo Sonoff.<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Exemplo de aba<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f6cc6f1f469c6278c38c4c63288d9ba2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Passo 2. Reprogramando o dispositivo<\/h3>\n<p>\nCom a ferramenta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/esp8266.ru\/download\/esp8266-utils\/XTCOM_UTIL.zip\">XTCOM_UTIL<\/a><\/noindex> carregue o firmware <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/mgt24.ru\/en\/docs\/firmware\/plc_basic.bin\">PLC Sonoff Basic<\/a><\/noindex> no dispositivo, para isso voc\u00ea precisar\u00e1 de um conversor USB-TTL. Aqui est\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/esp8266.ru\/esp8266-obnovlenie-proshivki-xtcom_util\/\">um guia<\/a><\/noindex> e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/mgt24.ru\/en\/docs\/#!sonoff.md#%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_Sonoff_%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C%D1%8E_\">um v\u00eddeo tutorial<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Passo 3. Configurando o dispositivo<\/h3>\n<p>\nForne\u00e7a energia ao dispositivo; ap\u00f3s o LED acender, pressione o bot\u00e3o e mantenha-o pressionado at\u00e9 que o LED comece a piscar uniformemente em intervalos regulares.<br \/>\nNesse momento, uma nova rede wi-fi chamada \u201cPLC Sonoff Basic\u201d aparecer\u00e1; conecte seu computador a essa rede.<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Decodifica\u00e7\u00e3o da indica\u00e7\u00e3o LED<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Indica\u00e7\u00e3o LED<br \/>\nEstado do dispositivo<\/p>\n<p>piscada dupla intermitente<br \/>\nsem conex\u00e3o com o roteador<\/p>\n<p>acende continuamente<br \/>\nconex\u00e3o estabelecida com o roteador<\/p>\n<p>piscada uniforme intermitente<br \/>\nmodo wi-fi ponto de acesso<\/p>\n<p>apagado<br \/>\nsem energia<\/p>\n<p>Abra o navegador da Internet e digite na barra de endere\u00e7os o texto \u201c192.168.4.1\u201d; v\u00e1 para a p\u00e1gina de configura\u00e7\u00e3o das op\u00e7\u00f5es de rede do dispositivo.<\/p>\n<p>Preencha os campos da seguinte forma:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cNome da rede\u201d e \u201cSenha\u201d (para vincular o dispositivo ao roteador wi-fi residencial).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cID do dispositivo\u201d e \u201cChave de autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d (para autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o do dispositivo no servi\u00e7o MGT24).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Exemplo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o das op\u00e7\u00f5es de rede do dispositivo<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/47d02b3883ce3896157da4dcc4fe7f40.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSalve as configura\u00e7\u00f5es e reinicie o dispositivo.<br \/>\nAqui <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XTzGJI7y7t8?t=376\">um v\u00eddeo tutorial<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Passo 4. Conex\u00e3o de sensores (opcional)<\/h3>\n<p>\nO firmware atual suporta at\u00e9 quatro sensores de temperatura ds18b20. Aqui <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/mgt24.ru\/en\/docs\/#!sonoff.md#%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_ds18b20_%D0%BA_Sonoff,_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B\">um v\u00eddeo tutorial<\/a><\/noindex> est\u00e1 o guia para montagem dos sensores. Aparentemente, este passo ser\u00e1 o mais desafiador, pois exigir\u00e1 suas habilidades manuais e um ferro de solda.<\/p>\n<h2>Se\u00e7\u00e3o II. Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Passo 1. Cria\u00e7\u00e3o de scripts<\/h3>\n<p>\nComo ambiente de programa\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 utilizado <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.google.com\/blockly\/\">Blockly<\/a><\/noindex>, um ambiente f\u00e1cil de aprender, portanto para criar scripts simples n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio ser programador.<\/p>\n<p>Eu adicionei blocos especializados para leitura e grava\u00e7\u00e3o de par\u00e2metros do dispositivo. O acesso a qualquer par\u00e2metro \u00e9 feito pelo nome. Para par\u00e2metros de dispositivos remotos, s\u00e3o utilizados nomes compostos: \"par\u00e2metro@dispositivo.\"<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Lista suspensa de par\u00e2metros<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/6ba0f789a4d3e0a394f4773d2c401416.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Exemplo de script de acionamento e desligamento c\u00edclico de carga (1Hz):<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/66876fcb1d029b1a06098a8f2118bba7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nExemplo de script que sincroniza o funcionamento de dois dispositivos separados. Ou seja, o rel\u00e9 do dispositivo-alvo repete a opera\u00e7\u00e3o do rel\u00e9 do dispositivo remoto.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/a44e81ce1301c7908ac9fa7437785162.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nScript para termostato (sem histerese):<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/0efa8a8f5e67f5ffd0812af5a2cececa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPara criar scripts mais complexos, pode-se usar vari\u00e1veis, loops, fun\u00e7\u00f5es (com argumentos) e outras constru\u00e7\u00f5es. N\u00e3o vou detalhar tudo aqui, pois j\u00e1 existe bastante <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/blockly.ru\/\">material did\u00e1tico sobre Blockly<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Passo 2. Ordem de execu\u00e7\u00e3o dos scripts<\/h3>\n<p>\nO script opera em modo cont\u00ednuo, e assim que chega ao fim, ele \u00e9 reiniciado. Existem dois blocos que podem temporariamente pausar a execu\u00e7\u00e3o do script: \"delay\" e \"pause.\"<br \/>\nO bloco \"delay\" \u00e9 utilizado para atrasos em milissegundos ou microssegundos. Este bloco mant\u00e9m o intervalo de tempo de forma estrita, bloqueando a opera\u00e7\u00e3o de todo o dispositivo. <br \/>\nO bloco \"pause\" \u00e9 utilizado para atrasos em segundos (pode ser menor), e n\u00e3o bloqueia a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de outros processos no dispositivo.<br \/>\nSe o script contiver um loop infinito que n\u00e3o inclua um \"pause\", o interpretador iniciar\u00e1 uma pequena pausa automaticamente.<br \/>\nSe a mem\u00f3ria alocada se esgotar, o interpretador interromper\u00e1 a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de scripts excessivamente pesados (aten\u00e7\u00e3o com fun\u00e7\u00f5es recursivas).<\/p>\n<h3>Passo 3. Depura\u00e7\u00e3o de scripts<\/h3>\n<p>\nPara depurar um script j\u00e1 carregado no dispositivo, voc\u00ea pode iniciar a execu\u00e7\u00e3o passo a passo. Isso \u00e9 extremamente \u00fatil quando o comportamento do script n\u00e3o corresponde ao que o autor planejou. Nesse caso, a execu\u00e7\u00e3o passo a passo permite que o autor encontre rapidamente a origem do problema e corrija o erro no script.<\/p>\n<p>Script de c\u00e1lculo do fatorial em modo de depura\u00e7\u00e3o:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ea6e23729fd530b79b89c9481e78bd64.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA ferramenta de depura\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 muito simples e consiste em tr\u00eas bot\u00f5es principais: 'iniciar', 'um passo \u00e0 frente' e 'parar' (tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o vamos esquecer dos bot\u00f5es 'entrar' e 'sair' do modo de depura\u00e7\u00e3o). Al\u00e9m da execu\u00e7\u00e3o passo a passo, voc\u00ea pode definir um ponto de interrup\u00e7\u00e3o em qualquer bloco (clicando com o mouse sobre o bloco).<br \/>\nPara exibir os valores atuais dos par\u00e2metros no monitor (sensores, rel\u00e9s), use o bloco 'print'.<br \/>\nAqui <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/2mK6gvqe_18\">v\u00eddeo informativo<\/a><\/noindex> sobre o uso do depurador.<\/p>\n<h2>Se\u00e7\u00e3o para curiosos. O que acontece por tr\u00e1s das c\u00e2maras?<\/h2>\n<p>\nPara que os scripts funcionem no dispositivo de destino, foi desenvolvido um interpretador de bytecode e um montador com 38 instru\u00e7\u00f5es. No c\u00f3digo-fonte do Blockly, foi embutido um gerador de c\u00f3digo especializado, que converte blocos visuais em instru\u00e7\u00f5es de montagem. Posteriormente, esse programa de montagem \u00e9 transformado em bytecode e enviado ao dispositivo para execu\u00e7\u00e3o.<br \/>\nA arquitetura dessa m\u00e1quina virtual \u00e9 bastante simples, e n\u00e3o faz muito sentido descrev\u00ea-la aqui; voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 muitos artigos na rede sobre o design de m\u00e1quinas virtuais simples.<br \/>\nNormalmente, aloco 1000 bytes para a pilha da minha m\u00e1quina virtual, o que \u00e9 suficiente. Claro, recurs\u00f5es profundas podem esgotar qualquer pilha, mas \u00e9 improv\u00e1vel que encontrem uma aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n<p>O bytecode resultante \u00e9 bastante compacto. Por exemplo, o bytecode para calcular o mesmo fatorial consome apenas 49 bytes. Aqui est\u00e1 sua forma visual:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1c6a8b693cbf2131f1f1369d97ad034b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nE aqui est\u00e1 seu programa de montagem:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"javascript\">shift -1\nldi 10\ncall factorial, 1\nprint\nexit\n:factorial\nld_arg 0\nldi 1\ngt\nje 8\nld_arg 0\nld_arg 0\nldi 1\nsub\ncall factorial, 1\nmul\nret\nldi 1\nret\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Se a forma de montagem n\u00e3o tem valor pr\u00e1tico, a aba 'javascrit', por outro lado, oferece uma apar\u00eancia mais familiar do que os blocos visuais:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"javascript\">function factorial(num) {\n  if (num &gt; 1) {\n    return num + factorial(num - 1);\n  }\n  return 1;\n}\n\nwindow.alert(factorial(10));\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Em termos de desempenho. Ao executar o cen\u00e1rio mais simples de alerta, obtive uma forma de onda de 47 kHz no oscilosc\u00f3pio (com a frequ\u00eancia do processador a 80 MHz).<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/961a50c7ef269265443e078a1a81291a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Programa\u00e7\u00e3o visual para Sonoff Basic\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/a416044b4cea01121e04e27ae7d1fef2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nConsidero isso um bom resultado, pelo menos essa velocidade \u00e9 quase dez vezes mais r\u00e1pida do que a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/esp8266freq.blogspot.com\/2016\/12\/esp-speed-compare-in-lua-micropython.html\">Lua<\/a><\/noindex> e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.espruino.com\/Performance\">Espruino<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h2>Parte final<\/h2>\n<p>\nPara resumir, posso dizer que o uso de scripts nos permite n\u00e3o apenas programar a l\u00f3gica de opera\u00e7\u00e3o de um dispositivo espec\u00edfico, mas tamb\u00e9m conectar v\u00e1rios dispositivos em um \u00fanico mecanismo, onde um dispositivo influencia o comportamento de outro. <br \/>\nTamb\u00e9m \u00e9 importante ressaltar que a forma escolhida para armazenar scripts (diretamente nos dispositivos, e n\u00e3o no servidor) simplifica a troca de dispositivos j\u00e1 em funcionamento para outro servidor, por exemplo, para um Raspberry Pi em casa, aqui <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/mgt24.ru\/en\/docs\/#!raspberry.md\">um guia<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><i>\u00c9 isso, ficarei feliz em ouvir conselhos e cr\u00edticas construtivas.<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/436272\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0451\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 Sonoff Basic \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 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