{"id":35134,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:29","slug":"uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerabilidades nos m\u00f3dulos HSM que podem levar a ataques \u00e0s chaves de criptografia","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Um grupo de pesquisadores da empresa Ledger, que fabrica carteiras de hardware para criptomoedas, expose<\/a><\/noindex> identificou v\u00e1rias vulnerabilidades em dispositivos HSM (M\u00f3dulo de Seguran\u00e7a de Hardware<\/a><\/noindex>), que podem ser exploradas para extrair chaves ou realizar um ataque remoto para substituir o firmware do dispositivo HSM. Atualmente, o relat\u00f3rio sobre o problema dispon\u00edvel<\/noindex> est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel apenas em franc\u00eas, com um relat\u00f3rio em ingl\u00eas previsto para ser publicado<\/a><\/noindex> em agosto durante a confer\u00eancia Blackhat USA 2019. O HSM \u00e9 um dispositivo externo especializado, projetado para armazenar chaves p\u00fablicas e privadas, utilizadas para gerar assinaturas digitais e para a criptografia de dados. <\/p>\n

O HSM permite aumentar significativamente a seguran\u00e7a, uma vez que isola completamente as chaves do sistema e dos aplicativos, fornecendo apenas uma API para executar primitivas criptogr\u00e1ficas b\u00e1sicas, implementadas no pr\u00f3prio dispositivo. Normalmente, o HSM \u00e9 aplicado em \u00e1reas que exigem a mais alta prote\u00e7\u00e3o, como bancos, bolsas de criptomoedas, e centros de certifica\u00e7\u00e3o para valida\u00e7\u00e3o e gera\u00e7\u00e3o de certificados e assinaturas digitais.<\/p>\n

Os m\u00e9todos de ataque propostos permitem que um usu\u00e1rio n\u00e3o autenticado tenha total controle sobre o conte\u00fado do HSM, incluindo a extra\u00e7\u00e3o de todas as chaves criptogr\u00e1ficas e credenciais de administrador armazenadas no dispositivo. Os problemas s\u00e3o causados por um estouro de buffer no manipulador interno de comandos PKCS#11 e por um erro na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da prote\u00e7\u00e3o criptogr\u00e1fica dos firmwares, permitindo contornar a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o do firmware por assinatura digital PKCS#1v1.5 e iniciar o carregamento de um firmware pr\u00f3prio no HSM. <\/p>\n

Como demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o, foi organizada a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de um firmware modificado, que continha um backdoor, permanecendo ativo ap\u00f3s as atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es subsequentes do firmware pelo fabricante. Afirma-se que o ataque pode ser realizado remotamente (o m\u00e9todo de ataque n\u00e3o \u00e9 especificado, mas provavelmente refere-se \u00e0 substitui\u00e7\u00e3o do firmware carregado ou ao envio de certificados formatados de forma espec\u00edfica para processamento).<\/p>\n

O problema foi identificado durante a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de testes de fuzzing na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o interna do PKCS#11 proposta no HSM. Os testes foram organizados atrav\u00e9s do carregamento de um m\u00f3dulo no HSM utilizando o SDL padr\u00e3o. Como resultado, foi identificado um estouro de buffer na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do PKCS#11, que poderia ser explorado n\u00e3o apenas no ambiente interno do HSM, mas tamb\u00e9m atrav\u00e9s de chamadas ao driver do PKCS#11 a partir do sistema operacional principal do computador ao qual o m\u00f3dulo HSM est\u00e1 conectado. <\/p>\n

Subsequentemente, o estouro de buffer foi explorado para executar c\u00f3digo no lado do HSM e redefinir os par\u00e2metros de acesso. Durante a explora\u00e7\u00e3o do hardware, foi identificada outra vulnerabilidade, que permite carregar um novo firmware sem assinatura digital. Em \u00faltima an\u00e1lise, foi escrito e carregado no HSM um m\u00f3dulo pr\u00f3prio que exp\u00f5e todos os segredos armazenados no HSM.<\/p>\n

O nome do fabricante cujos dispositivos HSM apresentaram vulnerabilidades ainda n\u00e3o foi divulgado, mas afirma-se que os dispositivos problem\u00e1ticos est\u00e3o sendo utilizados por alguns grandes bancos e provedores de servi\u00e7os em nuvem. Al\u00e9m disso, informa-se que as informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre os problemas foram enviadas anteriormente ao fabricante, que j\u00e1 corrigiu as vulnerabilidades na nova atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de firmware. Pesquisadores independentes sugerem que o problema pode estar nos dispositivos da empresa Gemalto, que em maio lan\u00e7ou<\/a><\/noindex> atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o do Sentinel LDK com corre\u00e7\u00e3o de vulnerabilidades, cujo acesso \u00e0 informa\u00e7\u00e3o ainda est\u00e1 restrito<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Ledger, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 HSM (Hardware Security Module), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438 HSM-\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435, \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 Blackhat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Vulnerabilidades nos m\u00f3dulos HSM que podem levar a ataques \u00e0s chaves de criptografia | ProHoster","description":"Um grupo de pesquisadores da empresa Ledger, que fabrica carteiras de hardware para criptomoedas, identificou v\u00e1rias.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pt_PT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 HSM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Ledger, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-hsm-modulyah-kotorye-mogut-privesti-k-atake-na-klyuchi-shifrovaniya","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:02:29+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:02:29+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"35134","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-21 21:59:20","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 02:09:54","updated":"2026-01-21 21:59:20","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35134"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35134\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}