{"id":35296,"date":"2019-10-31T22:03:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/predstavlena-novaya-tehnika-skrytoj-identifikatsii-sistemy-i-brauzera\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:03:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:29","slug":"predstavlena-novaya-tehnika-skrytoj-identifikatsii-sistemy-i-brauzera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/predstavlena-novaya-tehnika-skrytoj-identifikatsii-sistemy-i-brauzera","title":{"rendered":"Apresentada uma nova t\u00e9cnica de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o oculta de sistema e navegador","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Um grupo de pesquisadores da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Graz (\u00c1ustria), anteriormente conhecido por desenvolver m\u00e9todos de ataque MDS<\/a><\/noindex>, NetSpectre<\/a><\/noindex> e Throwhammer<\/a><\/noindex>, revelou<\/a><\/noindex> informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre uma nova t\u00e9cnica de an\u00e1lise por canais laterais, que permite determinar a vers\u00e3o exata do navegador, o sistema operacional utilizado, a arquitetura da CPU e o uso de complementos para combater a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o oculta. <\/p>\n

Para determinar os par\u00e2metros mencionados, basta a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de um c\u00f3digo JavaScript preparado pelos pesquisadores no navegador. Na pr\u00e1tica, o m\u00e9todo pode ser usado n\u00e3o apenas como uma fonte adicional para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o indireta do usu\u00e1rio, mas tamb\u00e9m para determinar par\u00e2metros do ambiente do sistema para a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de exploits, considerando o sistema operacional, a arquitetura e o navegador. O m\u00e9todo \u00e9 eficaz tamb\u00e9m na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de navegadores que implementam mecanismos de bloqueio de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o oculta, como o Tor Browser. Os c\u00f3digos fonte do prot\u00f3tipo que implementa o m\u00e9todo foram publicados<\/a><\/noindex> sob a licen\u00e7a MIT.<\/p>\n

A determina\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 baseada na extra\u00e7\u00e3o de padr\u00f5es caracter\u00edsticos de diferentes navegadores em propriedades de estado em JavaScript e caracter\u00edsticas do tempo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o das opera\u00e7\u00f5es, que dependem das particularidades do funcionamento do JIT, CPU e mecanismos de aloca\u00e7\u00e3o de mem\u00f3ria. A defini\u00e7\u00e3o das propriedades \u00e9 feita atrav\u00e9s da gera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma lista de todos os objetos acess\u00edveis a partir do JavaScript. Como se verificou, o n\u00famero de objetos correlaciona diretamente com o motor do navegador e sua vers\u00e3o. <\/p>\n

function getProperties(o) {
\n var result = [];
\n while (o !== null) {
\n result = result.concat(Reflect.ownKeys(o));
\n o = Object.getPrototypeOf(o);
\n }
\n return result;
\n }<\/p>\n

Por exemplo, para o Firefox, a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o afirma suporte a 2247 propriedades, enquanto o n\u00famero real de propriedades definidas, considerando as n\u00e3o documentadas, \u00e9 de 15709 (no Tor Browser \u2014 15639). Para o Chrome, s\u00e3o declaradas 2698 propriedades, mas na verdade s\u00e3o oferecidas 13570 (no Chrome para Android \u2014 13119). O n\u00famero e os valores das propriedades mudam de vers\u00e3o para vers\u00e3o do navegador e ao utilizar diferentes sistemas operacionais. <\/p>\n

Os valores e a presen\u00e7a de certas propriedades podem ser usados para determinar o tipo de sistema operacional. Por exemplo, no Kubuntu, a propriedade window.innerWidth \u00e9 configurada para 1000, enquanto no Windows 10 \u00e9 1001. No Windows, a propriedade window.navigator.activeVRDisplays est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel, mas n\u00e3o no Linux. Para Android, h\u00e1 v\u00e1rias chamadas espec\u00edficas, mas n\u00e3o existe window.SharedWorker. Para identificar o sistema operacional, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 recomendado analisar os par\u00e2metros do WebGL, cujos estados dependem dos drivers. Al\u00e9m disso, a chamada WEBGL_debug_renderer_infoextension permite obter informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o mecanismo de renderiza\u00e7\u00e3o OpenGL, que varia para cada sistema operacional. <\/p>\n

Para determinar o CPU, utiliza-se uma avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das diferen\u00e7as no tempo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o de diferentes blocos de c\u00f3digo, cuja execu\u00e7\u00e3o depende da arquitetura do conjunto de instru\u00e7\u00f5es considerando o comportamento do JIT (determina-se quantos registradores do CPU ser\u00e3o utilizados e em quais casos o JIT gerar\u00e1 c\u00f3digo eficiente com otimiza\u00e7\u00f5es e envolvimento de instru\u00e7\u00f5es avan\u00e7adas, e quando n\u00e3o). Para classificar o tipo de sistema de gerenciamento de mem\u00f3ria e o sistema operacional, tamb\u00e9m se mede a diferen\u00e7a no tempo de aloca\u00e7\u00e3o de mem\u00f3ria para diferentes estruturas, a partir das quais se pode inferir sobre o tamanho dos blocos de mem\u00f3ria. <\/p>\n

Os par\u00e2metros definidos durante a execu\u00e7\u00e3o do script s\u00e3o comparados com valores de refer\u00eancia, caracter\u00edsticos de ambientes testados previamente. Durante o teste, a t\u00e9cnica desenvolvida permitiu identificar com precis\u00e3o 40 diferentes ambientes de teste, determinando as vers\u00f5es dos navegadores utilizados, o fabricante do CPU, o sistema operacional aplicado e se estava em execu\u00e7\u00e3o em hardware real ou em uma m\u00e1quina virtual.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, destaca-se a possibilidade de identificar extens\u00f5es do navegador e at\u00e9 mesmo configura\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas dessas extens\u00f5es, incluindo aquelas projetadas para bloquear m\u00e9todos de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o oculta ou a atividade do modo de navega\u00e7\u00e3o privada. No contexto do m\u00e9todo proposto, tais extens\u00f5es tornam-se mais uma fonte de dados para identifica\u00e7\u00e3o. As extens\u00f5es s\u00e3o determinadas por meio da avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das distor\u00e7\u00f5es nos par\u00e2metros do ambiente original, introduzidas pelas extens\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

Entre outros m\u00e9todos de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o, podem ser considerados dados indiretos, como resolu\u00e7\u00e3o da tela<\/a><\/noindex>, lista de tipos MIME suportados, par\u00e2metros espec\u00edficos nos cabe\u00e7alhos (HTTP\/2<\/a><\/noindex> e HTTPS<\/a><\/noindex>), an\u00e1lise de plugins e fontes instalados , disponibilidade de determinadas APIs da web, espec\u00edficas para placas de v\u00eddeo<\/a><\/noindex>renderiza\u00e7\u00f5es usando WebGL e Caracter\u00edsticas<\/a><\/noindex> Canvas com CSS,<\/a><\/noindex>, manipula\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a><\/noindex> com CSS, an\u00e1lise das caracter\u00edsticas de uso com teclado<\/a><\/noindex> e O estudo de 100 mil sites mais populares de acordo com o ranking Alexa mostrou que em 9040 deles (10,18%) \u00e9 aplicado c\u00f3digo para identifica\u00e7\u00e3o oculta de visitantes. Considerando os mil sites mais populares, esse tipo de c\u00f3digo foi identificado em 30,60% dos casos (266 sites), enquanto entre os sites classificados entre mil e dez mil, foi encontrado em 24,45% dos casos (2010 sites). A identifica\u00e7\u00e3o oculta \u00e9 geralmente aplicada em scripts fornecidos por servi\u00e7os externos para<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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