{"id":35659,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-pyoxidizer-dlya-upakovki-python-proektov-v-samodostatochnye-ispolnyaemye-fajly\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:38","slug":"vypusk-pyoxidizer-dlya-upakovki-python-proektov-v-samodostatochnye-ispolnyaemye-fajly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-pyoxidizer-dlya-upakovki-python-proektov-v-samodostatochnye-ispolnyaemye-fajly","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do PyOxidizer para empacotar projetos Python em execut\u00e1veis autossuficientes","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Apresentado<\/a><\/noindex> primeira vers\u00e3o da utilidade PyOxidizer<\/a><\/noindex>, que permite empacotar projetos em Python em um arquivo execut\u00e1vel independente, incluindo o interpretador Python e todas as bibliotecas e recursos necess\u00e1rios para a execu\u00e7\u00e3o. Esses arquivos podem ser executados em ambientes sem a ferramenta Python instalada ou independentemente da vers\u00e3o necess\u00e1ria do Python. O PyOxidizer tamb\u00e9m pode gerar arquivos execut\u00e1veis vinculados estaticamente, que n\u00e3o est\u00e3o ligados \u00e0s bibliotecas do sistema. O c\u00f3digo do projeto \u00e9 escrito em Rust e \u00e9 distribu\u00eddo<\/a><\/noindex> sob a licen\u00e7a MPL (Mozilla Public License) 2.0. <\/p>\n

O projeto \u00e9 baseado no m\u00f3dulo hom\u00f4nimo para Rust, que permite incorporar o interpretador Python em programas Rust para executar scripts Python. O PyOxidizer agora ultrapassou a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de um complemento para Rust e se posiciona como uma ferramenta acess\u00edvel para uma audi\u00eancia mais ampla, permitindo a cria\u00e7\u00e3o e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes autossuficientes com Python. Para aqueles que n\u00e3o precisam distribuir aplicativos como arquivos execut\u00e1veis, o PyOxidizer oferece a capacidade de gerar bibliotecas que podem ser vinculadas a qualquer aplicativo para incorporar o interpretador Python e o conjunto necess\u00e1rio de extens\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

Para os usu\u00e1rios finais, a entrega do projeto em um \u00fanico arquivo execut\u00e1vel simplifica significativamente a instala\u00e7\u00e3o e elimina a necessidade de resolver depend\u00eancias, algo particularmente relevante para projetos complexos em Python, como editores de v\u00eddeo. Para os desenvolvedores de aplicativos, o PyOxidizer permite economizar tempo na log\u00edstica de entrega do aplicativo, sem a necessidade de usar diferentes ferramentas para criar pacotes para diferentes sistemas operacionais.<\/p>\n

A aplica\u00e7\u00e3o das composi\u00e7\u00f5es propostas tamb\u00e9m tem um impacto positivo no desempenho \u2014 os arquivos gerados no PyOxidizer iniciam mais rapidamente do que ao usar o Python do sistema, devido \u00e0 exclus\u00e3o da importa\u00e7\u00e3o e defini\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00f3dulos b\u00e1sicos. No PyOxidizer, os m\u00f3dulos s\u00e3o importados da mem\u00f3ria \u2014 todos os m\u00f3dulos embutidos s\u00e3o carregados na mem\u00f3ria de uma vez e, em seguida, utilizados sem acessar o disco. Nos testes, o tempo de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do aplicativo ao usar o PyOxidizer \u00e9 reduzido em cerca de duas vezes.<\/p>\n

Entre os projetos semelhantes existentes, podemos destacar: PyInstaller<\/a><\/noindex> (extrai o arquivo para um diret\u00f3rio tempor\u00e1rio e importa os m\u00f3dulos dele), py2exe<\/a><\/noindex> (ligado \u00e0 plataforma Windows e requer a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1rios arquivos), py2app<\/a><\/noindex> (ligado ao macOS), cx-freeze<\/a><\/noindex> (requer empacotamento de depend\u00eancias separadas), Shiv<\/a><\/noindex> e PEX<\/a><\/noindex> (forma um pacote no formato zip e requer a presen\u00e7a do Python no sistema), Nuitka<\/a><\/noindex> (compila o c\u00f3digo, em vez de embutir o interpretador), pynsist<\/a><\/noindex> (ligado ao Windows), PyRun<\/a><\/noindex> (desenvolvimento propriet\u00e1rio sem explica\u00e7\u00e3o dos princ\u00edpios de funcionamento).<\/p>\n

Na atual fase de desenvolvimento, o PyOxidizer j\u00e1 implementou a funcionalidade b\u00e1sica para gerar arquivos execut\u00e1veis para Windows, macOS e Linux. Entre as funcionalidades ainda n\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis, foi destacado<\/a><\/noindex> aus\u00eancia de um ambiente de compila\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o, impossibilidade de gerar pacotes nos formatos MSI, DMG e deb\/rpm, problemas com a embalagem de projetos que incluem extens\u00f5es complexas em C, falta de comandos para facilitar a entrega (como 'pyoxidizer add', 'pyoxidizer analyze' e 'pyoxidizer upgrade'), suporte limitado para Terminfo e Readline, falta de suporte para vers\u00f5es diferentes do Python 3.7, aus\u00eancia de suporte para compress\u00e3o de recursos, impossibilidade de cross-compila\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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