{"id":35694,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/razrabotchiki-iz-google-predlozhili-razrabotat-svoyu-libc-dlya-llvm\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:48","slug":"razrabotchiki-iz-google-predlozhili-razrabotat-svoyu-libc-dlya-llvm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-iz-google-predlozhili-razrabotat-svoyu-libc-dlya-llvm","title":{"rendered":"Google developers proposed to create their own libc for LLVM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Um dos desenvolvedores da empresa Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/lists.llvm.org\/pipermail\/llvm-dev\/2019-June\/133269.html\">levantou<\/a><\/noindex> na lista de discuss\u00e3o do LLVM o tema do desenvolvimento de uma biblioteca padr\u00e3o C multiplataforma (Libc) no \u00e2mbito do projeto LLVM. Por v\u00e1rias raz\u00f5es, o Google n\u00e3o est\u00e1 satisfeito com as libc atuais (glibc, musl) e est\u00e1 em processo de desenvolvimento de uma nova implementa\u00e7\u00e3o, que se prop\u00f5e a ser desenvolvida como parte do LLVM.<\/p>\n<p> Os desenvolvimentos do LLVM t\u00eam sido usados recentemente como base para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o da ferramenta de compila\u00e7\u00e3o do Google. A ideia principal \u00e9 que, se o Google j\u00e1 come\u00e7ou a desenvolver sua pr\u00f3pria libc, por que n\u00e3o desenvolver sua pr\u00f3pria implementa\u00e7\u00e3o como parte do LLVM, que j\u00e1 oferece sua biblioteca padr\u00e3o para C++ (Libc++), mas n\u00e3o possui uma biblioteca padr\u00e3o equivalente para C (Libc).<\/p>\n<p>O desenvolvimento ser\u00e1 realizado por etapas, aumentando gradualmente a funcionalidade. As primeiras vers\u00f5es devem ser formuladas como uma camada entre a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o e a Libc do sistema, da qual ser\u00e3o tiradas funcionalidades ainda n\u00e3o implementadas. Ap\u00f3s alcan\u00e7ar um determinado n\u00edvel de funcionalidade, a nova Libc poder\u00e1 ser utilizada como um substituto completo da Libc do sistema. O in\u00edcio est\u00e1 planejado com suporte para a arquitetura x86-64, Linux e vincula\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1tica (o carregamento din\u00e2mico, a composi\u00e7\u00e3o e arquiteturas adicionais ser\u00e3o implementados em segundo lugar). <\/p>\n<p>O projeto ainda est\u00e1 em sua fase inicial de desenvolvimento, mas os objetivos b\u00e1sicos j\u00e1 foram definidos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Modularidade e desenvolvimento de acordo com a filosofia de entrega de uma biblioteca granular, e n\u00e3o um conjunto monol\u00edtico;\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte para vincula\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1tica em modos com <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Position-independent_code#PIE\">PIE<\/a><\/noindex> (execut\u00e1veis independentes de posi\u00e7\u00e3o) e sem PIE. Fornecimento de CRT (tempo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o C) e carregador PIE para arquivos execut\u00e1veis vinculados estaticamente;\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte para a maioria das fun\u00e7\u00f5es da biblioteca padr\u00e3o C com complementos POSIX e algumas extens\u00f5es espec\u00edficas de sistema que s\u00e3o demandadas em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es existentes;\n<li class=\"l\"> Abordagem cautelosa em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a extens\u00f5es espec\u00edficas do fabricante, adicionando-as somente quando necess\u00e1rio. Quanto ao suporte a extens\u00f5es de terceiros, sugere-se aplicar a abordagem dos projetos Clang e libc++;\n<li class=\"l\"> Uso de boas pr\u00e1ticas de desenvolvimento utilizando ferramentas LLVM, como a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de sanitizers e testes de fuzzing desde o in\u00edcio.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Um dos desenvolvedores ativos do LLVM <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.llvm.org\/pipermail\/llvm-dev\/2019-June\/133282.html\">referiu<\/a><\/noindex>, que a inclus\u00e3o da libc como parte da ferramenta LLVM n\u00e3o \u00e9 sem sentido, mas geralmente, em casos como esse, utiliza-se a biblioteca musl, que \u00e9 bem escrita, suporta diversas arquiteturas e fornece a funcionalidade necess\u00e1ria, inclusive suporte para vincula\u00e7\u00e3o din\u00e2mica. A inclus\u00e3o da musl no LLVM e seu desenvolvimento como um fork sincronizado com o projeto principal podem ser justificados.<\/p>\n<p>Sua opini\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/lists.llvm.org\/pipermail\/llvm-dev\/2019-June\/133308.html\">expressou<\/a><\/noindex> o autor do projeto Musl, que tentou argumentar por que a proposta do Google e a inclus\u00e3o da Libc no fornecimento do LLVM s\u00e3o ideias muito ruins:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Desenvolver e manter uma Libc correta, compat\u00edvel e de alta qualidade \u00e9 uma tarefa muito dif\u00edcil. O problema n\u00e3o est\u00e1 na quantidade de c\u00f3digo, mas em garantir o comportamento correto e nas dificuldades de implementar interfaces considerando a enorme quantidade de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es j\u00e1 escritas em C\/C++, bem como aplica\u00e7\u00f5es em outras linguagens cujo runtime utiliza a Libc. Uma abordagem direta, sem considerar nuances, apenas resultar\u00e1 em muitas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es existentes n\u00e3o funcionando com a Libc, o que tornaria tal projeto desinteressante para os consumidores.\n<li class=\"l\"> O desenvolvimento corporativo pode prejudicar a Libc, mas promover seu uso amplo, resultando na necessidade de adicionar hacks para garantir compatibilidade em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es. O desenvolvimento sob a \u00e9gide de um projeto aberto corporativo puxar\u00e1 a coberta em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s necessidades e solu\u00e7\u00f5es da empresa, em detrimento dos interesses da comunidade. Por exemplo, se um problema for identificado devido a um erro em outro programa sob controle, fica mais f\u00e1cil garantir a compatibilidade da Libc com esse erro do que corrigir o pr\u00f3prio erro. A Apple utiliza um fork da libc BSD para esses fins, enquanto o Google aplica um fork da musl no Fuchsia. A experi\u00eancia do desenvolvedor da musl mostra que ele foi contatado principalmente por advogados para esclarecer quest\u00f5es de licenciamento, mas nunca foi consultado sobre detalhes t\u00e9cnicos antes de altera\u00e7\u00f5es in\u00fateis e que comprometeriam a funcionalidade serem incorporadas em seus forks.\n<li class=\"l\"> A aus\u00eancia de monocultura no desenvolvimento da libc e a orienta\u00e7\u00e3o para padr\u00f5es desenvolvidos com base em consenso, em vez de gest\u00e3o unilateral, motivam os desenvolvedores de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es a usarem os padr\u00f5es, em vez de se prenderem a implementa\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas. \u00c9 por isso que o autor do musl \u00e9 contra a inclus\u00e3o de sua biblioteca no LLVM, assim como \u00e9 contra o desenvolvimento da libc dentro do LLVM, pois, nesse caso, a natureza independente da libc se perde e uma certa implementa\u00e7\u00e3o se torna a solu\u00e7\u00e3o de primeira classe para o LLVM, enquanto todas as outras se tornam de segunda.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50970\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 LLVM \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0438-\u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 (Libc) \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 LLVM. \u041f\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d Google \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 libc (glibc, musl) \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c LLVM. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 LLVM \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0432 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