{"id":35721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","slug":"minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","title":{"rendered":"Instala\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00ednima do CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e3o tenho d\u00favidas de que os nobres donas \u2014 administradores de Linux \u2014 buscam minimizar ao m\u00e1ximo o conjunto de pacotes instalados no servidor. Isso \u00e9 mais econ\u00f4mico, seguro e proporciona ao administrador uma sensa\u00e7\u00e3o de controle total e compreens\u00e3o dos processos em andamento.<\/p>\n

Portanto, o cen\u00e1rio t\u00edpico de uma instala\u00e7\u00e3o inicial do sistema operacional consiste na escolha da vers\u00e3o m\u00ednima, e em seguida, no preenchimento com os pacotes necess\u00e1rios.<\/p>\n

\"Instala\u00e7\u00e3o
\n
\nNo entanto, a vers\u00e3o m\u00ednima oferecida pelo instalador do CentOS n\u00e3o \u00e9 exatamente t\u00e3o m\u00ednima quanto parece. Existe uma maneira de reduzir o tamanho da instala\u00e7\u00e3o inicial do sistema de forma documentada.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nAo utilizar o sistema operacional CentOS, voc\u00ea acaba descobrindo a automatiza\u00e7\u00e3o de sua instala\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s do mecanismo Kickstart. J\u00e1 faz tempo que n\u00e3o instalo o CentOS com o instalador padr\u00e3o. Ao longo do tempo, acumulei um arsenal suficiente de arquivos de configura\u00e7\u00e3o kickstart que permitem implantar sistemas automaticamente, incluindo em LVM, em parti\u00e7\u00f5es criptografadas, com uma GUI m\u00ednima, etc.<\/p>\n

E assim, em alguma das vers\u00f5es da s\u00e9tima edi\u00e7\u00e3o, a RedHat adicionou uma op\u00e7\u00e3o surpreendente no Kickstart, permitindo ainda mais a minimiza\u00e7\u00e3o da imagem do sistema a ser instalado:<\/p>\n

—nocore<\/b><\/p>\n

Desabilita a instala\u00e7\u00e3o do N\u00facleo<\/a><\/noindex> grupo de pacotes que, caso contr\u00e1rio, est\u00e1 sempre instalado por padr\u00e3o. A desabilita\u00e7\u00e3o do N\u00facleo<\/a><\/noindex> o grupo de pacotes deve ser usado apenas para criar cont\u00eaineres leves; instalar um sistema de desktop ou servidor com —nocore resultar\u00e1 em um sistema inutiliz\u00e1vel.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A RedHat avisa honestamente sobre as poss\u00edveis consequ\u00eancias do uso dessa op\u00e7\u00e3o, mas anos de uso em ambiente real confirmam sua estabilidade e aplicabilidade.<\/p>\n

Abaixo est\u00e1 um exemplo de um arquivo kickstart para a instala\u00e7\u00e3o mais minimalista. Os ousados podem excluir o yum dele. Esteja preparado para surpresas:<\/p>\n

instalar\ntexto\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --aceito\nprimeiroinicial --desativar\n\nteclado --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\nl\u00edngua pt_BR.UTF-8\ntimezone \u00c1frica\/Abidjan\n\nauth --habilitanegros --passalgo=sha512\nrootpw --plaintext ***\n\nignoredisk --somente-utilizar=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --localiza\u00e7\u00e3o=mbr\nclearpart --tudo --initlabel\n\nparti\u00e7\u00e3o \/boot\/efi --fstype=\"efi\" --tamanho=100 --fsoptions=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\nparti\u00e7\u00e3o \/ --fstype=\"ext4\" --tamanho=1 --crescer\n\nrede --bootproto=dhcp --hostname=localhost --onboot=on --ativar\n\n#reiniciar\ndesligar\n\n%pacotes --nocore --nobase --excludedocs\nyum\n\n%fim\n\ndon com_redhat_kdump --desativar\n\n%fim\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nQuero notar que o CentOS\/RedHat \u00e9 mais permissivo do que o Fedora na interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o da op\u00e7\u00e3o. O \u00faltimo pode reduzir tanto o sistema que uma nova instala\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1ria com a adi\u00e7\u00e3o de utilit\u00e1rios essenciais.<\/p>\n
Como b\u00f4nus, apresento um \"feiti\u00e7o\" para instalar um ambiente gr\u00e1fico m\u00ednimo no CentOS\/RedHat (vers\u00e3o 7):<\/p>\n
yum -y groupinstall x11\nyum -y install gnome-classic-session\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTanto a imagem m\u00ednima do sistema operacional quanto o ambiente gr\u00e1fico m\u00ednimo foram testados por mim e funcionam em sistemas reais.
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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