{"id":36873,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","slug":"server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","title":{"rendered":"Servidor de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o de dois fatores LinOTP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Servidor
\n
\nHoje eu quero compartilhar como configurar um servidor de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o de dois fatores, para proteger a rede corporativa, sites e servi\u00e7os, ssh. O servidor funcionar\u00e1 com a combina\u00e7\u00e3o: LinOTP + FreeRadius. <\/p>\n

Por que precisamos disso?
\n\u00c9 uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o totalmente gratuita e conveniente, dentro da sua rede, que n\u00e3o depende de provedores externos.<\/p>\n

Este servi\u00e7o \u00e9 muito pr\u00e1tico e transparente, diferentemente de outros produtos open source, e tamb\u00e9m suporta uma grande variedade de fun\u00e7\u00f5es e pol\u00edticas (por exemplo, login + senha + (PIN + OTPToken)). Integra-se via API com servi\u00e7os de envio de sms (LinOTP Config->Provider Config->SMS Provider), gera c\u00f3digos para aplicativos m\u00f3veis como Google Authenticator e muito mais. Eu acho que ele \u00e9 mais conveniente do que o servi\u00e7o considerado em artigo<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Este servidor funciona muito bem com Cisco ASA, servidor OpenVPN, Apache2 e, na verdade, praticamente com tudo que suporta autentica\u00e7\u00e3o via servidor RADIUS (por exemplo, para SSH em um datacenter).<\/p>\n

\u00c9 necess\u00e1rio:<\/p>\n

1 ) Debian 8 (jessie) \u2014 Com certeza!<\/b> (a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de teste no debian 9 \u00e9 descrita no final do artigo)<\/p>\n

Come\u00e7o:<\/p>\n

Instalamos o Debian 8.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nAdicionamos o reposit\u00f3rio LinOTP:<\/p>\n

# echo 'deb http:\/\/www.linotp.org\/apt\/debian jessie linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAdicionamos as chaves:<\/p>\n
# gpg --search-keys 913DFF12F86258E5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u00c0s vezes, em uma instala\u00e7\u00e3o 'limpa', ap\u00f3s executar este comando, o Debian apresenta: <\/p>\n
gpg: diret\u00f3rio `\\\/root\\\/.gnupg' criado\ngpg: novo arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o `\\\/root\\\/.gnupg\\\/gpg.conf' criado\ngpg: ATEN\u00c7\u00c3O: par\u00e2metros em `\\\/root\\\/.gnupg\\\/gpg.conf' ainda n\u00e3o est\u00e3o ativos nesta execu\u00e7\u00e3o\ngpg: tabela de chaves `\\\/root\\\/.gnupg\\\/secring.gpg' criada\ngpg: tabela de chaves `\\\/root\\\/.gnupg\\\/pubring.gpg' criada\ngpg: servidores de chaves n\u00e3o definidos (use --keyserver)\ngpg: falha na busca no servidor de chaves: URI ruim\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nEsta \u00e9 a configura\u00e7\u00e3o inicial do gnupg. N\u00e3o se preocupe. Apenas execute o comando novamente.
\nNa pergunta do Debian:<\/p>\n
gpg: buscando \"913DFF12F86258E5\" no servidor hkp keys.gnupg.net\n(1)\tLSE LinOTP2 Packaging \n\t  chave RSA de 2048 bits F86258E5, criada: 2010-05-10\nChaves 1-1 de 1 para \"913DFF12F86258E5\". Digite n\u00fameros, N) Pr\u00f3ximo ou Q) Sair><\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRespondemos: 1<\/p>\n
Pr\u00f3ximo: <\/p>\n
# gpg --export 913DFF12F86258E5 | apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nInstalamos o mysql. Em teoria, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel usar outro servidor sql, mas para simplificar, usarei o recomendado para LinOTP.<\/p>\n
(informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais, incluindo sobre reconfigura\u00e7\u00e3o do banco de dados LinOTP, podem ser encontradas na documenta\u00e7\u00e3o oficial de link<\/a><\/noindex>. L\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m voc\u00ea pode encontrar o comando: dpkg-reconfigure linotp para alterar as configura\u00e7\u00f5es se voc\u00ea j\u00e1 instalou o mysql).<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (verificar atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es mais uma vez n\u00e3o faz mal)
\nInstalamos o LinOTP e m\u00f3dulos adicionais:<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRespondemos \u00e0s perguntas do instalador: 
\nUsar Apache2: sim
\nCrie uma senha para o admin do Linotp: \"SuaSenha\"
\nGerar certificado autoassinado?: sim
\nUsar MySQL?: sim
\nOnde est\u00e1 o banco de dados: localhost
\nCriando o banco LinOTP (nome do banco) no servidor: LinOTP2
\nCriando um usu\u00e1rio separado para o banco de dados: LinOTP2
\nDefinindo a senha do usu\u00e1rio: \u00abSuaSenha\u00bb
\nDevo criar o banco agora? (algo como \u201cVoc\u00ea tem certeza de que deseja \u2026\u201d): sim
\nInserindo a senha root do MySQL que foi criada durante a instala\u00e7\u00e3o: \u00abSuaSenha\u00bb
\nPronto.<\/p>\n
(opcional, pode n\u00e3o ser necess\u00e1rio)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n(opcional, pode n\u00e3o ser necess\u00e1rio)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install libpam-linotp  <\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAssim, nossa interface web LinOTP agora est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel no endere\u00e7o: <\/p>\n
"<b>https<\\\/b>: \\\/\\\/IP_servidor\\\/manage"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nFalarei sobre as configura\u00e7\u00f5es na interface web um pouco mais tarde.<\/p>\n
Agora, o mais importante! Levantar o FreeRadius e vincul\u00e1-lo ao LinOTP.<\/p>\n
Instalando o FreeRadius e o m\u00f3dulo para trabalhar com o LinOTP<\/p>\n
# apt-get install freeradius linotp-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nfazendo backup das configura\u00e7\u00f5es client e Users do radius.<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf  \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/users  \/etc\/freeradius\/users.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nCriando um arquivo vazio do cliente:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nEditando nosso novo arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o (o arquivo de backup pode ser usado como exemplo)<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
client 192.168.188.0\/24 {\nsecret  = passwd # senha para conectar clientes\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nEm seguida, criamos o arquivo users:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nEditando o arquivo e informando ao radius que usaremos perl para autentica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
DEFAULT Auth-type := perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nEm seguida, editamos o arquivo \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPrecisamos inserir o caminho para o script perl linotp no par\u00e2metro module: <\/p>\n
Perl { .......\n.........\nmodule = \/usr\/lib\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u2026..
\nEm seguida, criamos um arquivo informando de qual (dom\u00ednio, banco ou arquivo) obter dados.<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
URL=https:\/\/IP_do_seu_servidor_LinOTP(192.168.X.X)\/validate\/simplecheck\nREALM=webusers1c\nRESCONF=LocalUser\nDebug=True\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAqui eu vou parar um pouco mais detalhadamente, pois isso \u00e9 importante:<\/p>\n
Descri\u00e7\u00e3o completa do arquivo com coment\u00e1rios:
\n#IP of the linotp server (IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e LinOTP \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430)
\nURL=https:\/\/172.17.14.103\/validate\/simplecheck
\n#\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 LinOTP.)
\nREALM=rearm1
\n#\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u044e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435 LinOTP.
\nRESCONF=flat_file
\n#optional: comment out if everything seems to work fine
\nDebug=True
\n#optional: use this, if you have selfsigned certificates, otherwise comment out (SSL \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c)
\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/p>\n
Em seguida, criaremos o arquivo \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nE copiaremos a configura\u00e7\u00e3o para ele (n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio alterar nada):<\/p>\n
authorize {\n# normaliza solicita\u00e7\u00f5es malformadas do cliente antes de serem entregues a outros m\u00f3dulos (veja '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/preprocess')\npreprocess\n# Se voc\u00ea estiver usando v\u00e1rios tipos de realms, provavelmente\n# deseja definir \"ignore_null = yes\" para todos eles.\n# Caso contr\u00e1rio, quando o primeiro estilo de realm n\u00e3o corresponder,\n# os outros estilos n\u00e3o ser\u00e3o verificados.\n# permite uma lista de realm (veja '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nIPASS\n# entende algo como USER@REALM e pode distinguir os componentes (veja '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nsuffix\n# entende USERREALM e pode distinguir os componentes (veja '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nntdomain\n# Leia o arquivo 'users' para aprender sobre configura\u00e7\u00f5es especiais que devem ser aplicadas para\n# certos usu\u00e1rios (veja '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/files')\nfiles\n# permite que a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o expire (veja '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/expiration')\nexpiration\n# permite definir hor\u00e1rios de servi\u00e7o v\u00e1lidos (veja '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/logintime')\nlogintime\n# N\u00e3o temos radius_shortname_map!\npap\n}\n# aqui o m\u00f3dulo perl linotp \u00e9 chamado para processamento posterior\nauthenticate {\nperl\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nEm seguida, faremos um link simb\u00f3lico:<\/p>\n
# ln -s ..\/sites-available\/linotp \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPessoalmente, eu elimino os sites padr\u00e3o do Radius, mas se voc\u00ea precisar deles, pode ou editar a configura\u00e7\u00e3o ou desativ\u00e1-los.<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/inner-tunnel<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# service freeradius reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAgora vamos voltar \u00e0 interface da web e examin\u00e1-la com mais detalhes:
\nNo canto superior direito, clique em LinOTP Config -> UserIdResolvers -> Novo
\nEscolha o que deseja: LDAP (AD win, LDAP samba), ou SQL, ou usu\u00e1rios locais do sistema Flatfile. <\/p>\n
Preencha os campos obrigat\u00f3rios.<\/p>\n
Em seguida, criamos REALMS:
\nNo canto superior direito, clique em LinOTP Config -> Realms -> Novo. 
\ne d\u00ea um nome ao nosso REALM, al\u00e9m de clicar no UserIdResolvers que criamos anteriormente.<\/p>\n
Todas essas informa\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias para o freeRadius no arquivo \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini, como mencionei acima, portanto, se voc\u00ea n\u00e3o o editou naquele momento, fa\u00e7a isso agora.<\/p>\n
Tudo est\u00e1 configurado no servidor.<\/p>\n
Adicional:<\/p>\n
Configura\u00e7\u00e3o do LinOTP no Debian 9<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Instala\u00e7\u00e3o: <\/p>\n
# echo 'deb http:\/\/linotp.org\/apt\/debian stretch linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list <\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install dirmngr<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-key adv --recv-keys 913DFF12F86258E5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (por padr\u00e3o, no Debian 9 mysql (mariaDB) n\u00e3o oferece a op\u00e7\u00e3o de definir uma senha para o root, claro que voc\u00ea pode deix\u00e1-la em branco, mas se voc\u00ea acompanha as not\u00edcias, com frequ\u00eancia isso leva a \"fails \u00e9picos\", por isso vamos configur\u00e1-la)<\/p>\n
# mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
use mysql;<\/code><\/pre>\n
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('aqui_senha') WHERE User = 'root';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
sigreturn<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install python-ldap<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt install freeradius<\/code><\/pre>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/sites-enabled\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Cole o c\u00f3digo (enviado por JuriM, agradecemos!):<\/p>\n
server linotp {
\nlisten {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1812
\n type = auth
\n}
\nlisten {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1813
\n type = acct
\n}
\nauthorize { 
\n preprocess
\n update { 
\n &control:Auth-Type := Perl
\n } 
\n} 
\nauthenticate {
\n Auth-Type Perl {
\n perl
\n }
\n}
\naccounting {
\n unix
\n}
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Edite \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/mods-enabled\/perl<\/p>\n
perl {
\n filename = \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm
\n func_authenticate = authenticate
\n func_authorize = authorize
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Infelizmente, no Debian 9, a biblioteca radius_linotp.pm n\u00e3o \u00e9 instalada dos reposit\u00f3rios, por isso vamos peg\u00e1-la do github.<\/p>\n
# apt install git<\/code><\/pre>\n
# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/LinOTP\/linotp-auth-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cd linotp-auth-freeradius-perl\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cp radius_linotp.pm \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
Agora vamos ajustar \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/clients.conf <\/p>\n
client servers {
\n ipaddr = 192.168.188.0\/24
\n secret = suasenha
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
agora vamos ajustar nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/p>\n
Cole l\u00e1 o mesmo c\u00f3digo que foi usado na instala\u00e7\u00e3o no debian 8 (descrito acima)<\/p>\n
teoricamente \u00e9 tudo. (ainda n\u00e3o testado)<\/p>\n
Vou deixar abaixo alguns links sobre a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas que normalmente precisam ser protegidos com autentica\u00e7\u00e3o de dois fatores: 
\nConfigura\u00e7\u00e3o de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o de dois fatores em Apache2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Configura\u00e7\u00e3o com Cisco ASA<\/a><\/noindex>(l\u00e1 \u00e9 usado outro servidor de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de tokens, mas as configura\u00e7\u00f5es da ASA s\u00e3o as mesmas).<\/p>\n
VPN com autentica\u00e7\u00e3o de dois fatores<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Configura\u00e7\u00e3o autentica\u00e7\u00e3o de dois fatores no ssh<\/a><\/noindex> (l\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 usado LinOTP) \u2014 agrade\u00e7o ao autor. L\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m pode-se encontrar informa\u00e7\u00f5es interessantes sobre a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas LiOTP.<\/p>\n
Al\u00e9m disso, muitos CMS de sites suportam autentica\u00e7\u00e3o de dois fatores (para WordPress, o LinOTP at\u00e9 possui um m\u00f3dulo especial em github<\/a><\/noindex>), por exemplo, se voc\u00ea quiser criar uma se\u00e7\u00e3o segura para os funcion\u00e1rios da empresa no seu site corporativo.
\nFATO IMPORTANTE! N\u00c3O marque a op\u00e7\u00e3o \u00abGoogle autenteficator\u00bb para usar a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o do Google! O QR code n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 lido dessa forma... (fato curioso)<\/p>\n
Para a reda\u00e7\u00e3o deste artigo, foram utilizados os seguintes textos:
\nitnan.ru\/post.php?c=1&p=270571<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.digitalbears.net\/?p=469<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n
Obrigado aos autores.
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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