{"id":37278,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do filtro de pacotes nftables 0.9.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=156621590113089&#038;w=2\">Aconteceu<\/a><\/noindex> lan\u00e7amento do filtro de pacotes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.2<\/a><\/noindex>, que est\u00e1 se desenvolvendo como uma substitui\u00e7\u00e3o para iptables, ip6table, arptables e ebtables, por meio da unifica\u00e7\u00e3o das interfaces de filtragem de pacotes para IPv4, IPv6, ARP e pontes de rede. O pacote nftables inclui componentes do filtro de pacotes que operam no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, enquanto a opera\u00e7\u00e3o a n\u00edvel de kernel \u00e9 garantida pelo subsistema nf_tables, que faz parte do kernel Linux desde a vers\u00e3o 3.13. As altera\u00e7\u00f5es necess\u00e1rias para a opera\u00e7\u00e3o da vers\u00e3o nftables 0.9.2 foram inclu\u00eddas no kernel Linux 5.3.<\/p>\n<p>No n\u00edvel do kernel, \u00e9 fornecida apenas uma interface geral, independente do protocolo espec\u00edfico, que oferece fun\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas de extra\u00e7\u00e3o de dados de pacotes, execu\u00e7\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre dados e controle de fluxo. A l\u00f3gica de filtragem e os manipuladores espec\u00edficos de protocolo s\u00e3o compilados em bytecode no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, ap\u00f3s o que esse bytecode \u00e9 carregado no kernel atrav\u00e9s da interface Netlink e executado em uma m\u00e1quina virtual especial, semelhante ao BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Essa abordagem permite reduzir significativamente o tamanho do c\u00f3digo de filtragem que opera no n\u00edvel do kernel e transferir todas as fun\u00e7\u00f5es de an\u00e1lise de regras e l\u00f3gica de trabalho com protocolos para o espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n<p>Principais novidades:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A capacidade de verificar o n\u00famero da porta do cabe\u00e7alho do pacote de n\u00edvel de transporte independentemente do tipo de protocolo de n\u00edvel 4:\n<p>   add rule x y ip protocol { tcp, udp } th dport 53<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte \u00e0 recupera\u00e7\u00e3o do tempo de vida de um conjunto de elementos:\n<p>   add element ip x y { 1.1.1.1 timeout 30s expires 15s }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A capacidade de verificar op\u00e7\u00f5es individuais (lsrr, rr, ssrr e ra) de pacotes IPv4:\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr exists drop<\/p>\n<p>Para op\u00e7\u00f5es de roteamento, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel verificar os campos type, ptr, length e addr:<\/p>\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr type 1 drop<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nas express\u00f5es, agora \u00e9 permitido especificar prefixos de rede e faixas de endere\u00e7os:\n<p>   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.0\/28<br \/>\n   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.15<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte ao uso de vari\u00e1veis nas defini\u00e7\u00f5es de cadeias:\n<p>    define default_policy = accept<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority filter; policy $default_policy }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A prioridade da cadeia agora pode ser definida tanto em forma num\u00e9rica quanto simb\u00f3lica:\n<p>    define prio = filter<br \/>\n    define prionum = 10<br \/>\n    defina prioffset = \u00abfiltro \u2014 150\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>    add table ip foo<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority $prio; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo ber { type filter hook input priority $prionum; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bor { type filter hook input priority $prioffset; }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi implementado o suporte ao m\u00f3dulo synproxy. Por exemplo, para colocar a porta TCP 8888 sob prote\u00e7\u00e3o da synproxy, pode-se usar o conjunto de regras:\n<p>    table ip x {<br \/>\n            chain y {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain z {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 ct estado inv\u00e1lido, n\u00e3o rastreado synproxy mss 1460 \\<br \/>\n                       wscale 7 timestamp sack-perm  ct state invalid drop<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Para definir na tabela conntrack as conex\u00f5es adicionais esperadas relacionadas \u00e0 conex\u00e3o atual, que s\u00e3o utilizadas em protocolos e cen\u00e1rios que exigem a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1rias conex\u00f5es, agora \u00e9 poss\u00edvel definir pol\u00edticas atrav\u00e9s de conjuntos de regras padr\u00e3o. Por exemplo, para definir as conex\u00f5es subsequentes esperadas para a porta TCP 8888 em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 porta 5432, pode-se especificar as seguintes regras:\n<p>        tabela x {<br \/>\n                ct expectation myexpect {<br \/>\n                        protocol tcp<br \/>\n                        dport 5432<br \/>\n                        timeout 1h<br \/>\n                        size 12<br \/>\n                        l3proto ip<br \/>\n                }<\/p>\n<p>                chain input {<br \/>\n                        type filter hook input priority 0;<br \/>\n                        ct state new tcp dport 8888 ct expectation set myexpect<br \/>\n                        ct state established,related counter accept<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51312\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.2, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 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