{"id":37388,"date":"2019-10-31T22:17:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-politika-19-veka-povliyala-na-raspolozhenie-data-tsentrov-segodnya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:17:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:21","slug":"kak-politika-19-veka-povliyala-na-raspolozhenie-data-tsentrov-segodnya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-politika-19-veka-povliyala-na-raspolozhenie-data-tsentrov-segodnya","title":{"rendered":"Como a pol\u00edtica do s\u00e9culo 19 influenciou a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos data centers hoje","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Do tradutor<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Prezados usu\u00e1rios do Habr! Como este \u00e9 o meu primeiro experimento de publica\u00e7\u00e3o de conte\u00fado no Habr, pe\u00e7o que n\u00e3o sejam muito cr\u00edticos. Cr\u00edticas e sugest\u00f5es s\u00e3o bem-vindas em mensagens privadas.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Recentemente, o Google anunciou a disponibilidade <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abc4.com\/news\/local-news\/google-to-open-new-data-center-in-salt-lake-city\/1915710283\">de um novo data center em Salt Lake City, Utah<\/a><\/noindex>. Este \u00e9 um dos data centers mais modernos, nos quais investir\u00e3o empresas como Microsoft, Facebook, Apple, Yahoo e outras, localizados ao longo da linha correspondente \u00e0 41\u00aa paralela nos Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como a pol\u00edtica do s\u00e9culo 19 influenciou a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos data centers hoje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/c6e68527cb46c7c7ea1e0560c7b5673e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Cada uma dessas empresas investe bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares nessas quatro cidades:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Microsoft <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/tech\/2016\/07\/22\/new-west-des-moines-data-center-gets-475m-incentives\/87406160\/\">investiu 3,5 bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares<\/a><\/noindex> em um dos maiores data centers em Des Moines, Iowa, al\u00e9m de <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.techrepublic.com\/article\/microsofts-750-million-data-center-investment-in-wyoming\/\">750 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares em um data center<\/a><\/noindex>, localizado na cidade de Cheyenne, Wyoming.<\/li>\n<li>Apple <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/newsroom\/2017\/08\/apples-next-us-data-center-will-be-built-in-iowa\/\">investiu 1,35 bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares<\/a><\/noindex> em um moderno data center em Des Moines.<\/li>\n<li>Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/news\/google-to-invest-1-billion-in-iowa-campus\/\">investe 1 bilh\u00e3o de d\u00f3lares<\/a><\/noindex> em um data center pr\u00f3ximo a Omaha, Nebraska, al\u00e9m do recente investimento em Salt Lake City.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nwsc.ucar.edu\/\">O Centro Nacional de Pesquisa da Atmosfera (NCAR)<\/a><\/noindex> construiu um supercomputador de 1,5 petaflops em Cheyenne, e este \u00e9 um dos supercomputadores mais r\u00e1pidos do mundo.<\/li>\n<li>A Ag\u00eancia de Seguran\u00e7a Nacional dos EUA opera <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nsa.gov1.info\/utah-data-center\/\">um imenso reposit\u00f3rio de dados de intelig\u00eancia<\/a><\/noindex> em Salt Lake City, Utah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ent\u00e3o, o que torna a 41\u00aa paralela t\u00e3o especial, fazendo com que v\u00e1rias empresas invistam bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares na constru\u00e7\u00e3o de data centers nessas cidades?<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>A resposta \u00e9 que a maior parte do tr\u00e1fego que flui do leste para o oeste dos EUA e vice-versa passa por cada um desses locais atrav\u00e9s de grandes feixes de cabos de fibra \u00f3ptica pertencentes a v\u00e1rias empresas de telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, como: AT&amp;T, Verizon, Comcast, Level 3, Zayo, Fibertech, Windstream e outras.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Essa infraestrutura de redes de fibra \u00f3ptica fornece aos data centers acesso a uma enorme quantidade de largura de banda, impulsionando o ciclo de investimento \u2014 mais data centers atraem mais tr\u00e1fego, o que, por sua vez, leva \u00e0 constru\u00e7\u00e3o de mais cabos de fibra \u00f3ptica, resultando, novamente, na constru\u00e7\u00e3o de mais data centers.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Por que todos esses gigantes das telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es escolheram localizar suas rotas principais ao longo deste trajeto pelos EUA? Porque cada um desses cabos \u00e9 enterrado ao longo de uma faixa cont\u00ednua de desapropria\u00e7\u00e3o de aproximadamente 60 metros, ao longo da primeira ferrovia transcontinental, cuja constru\u00e7\u00e3o foi conclu\u00edda em 1869. O governo dos EUA concedeu os direitos sobre esta terra \u00e0 ferrovia da Union Pacific, assinando <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Railroad_Acts\">A Lei da Ferrovia do Pac\u00edfico de 1862<\/a><\/noindex>. E se voc\u00ea for uma empresa de telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es desejando construir uma nova rota de fibra \u00f3ptica atrav\u00e9s do territ\u00f3rio dos EUA em 2019, precisar\u00e1 aprovar seu projeto apenas com uma empresa \u2014 a Union Pacific. Essa pequena faixa de terra atravessa completamente os EUA, como pode ser visto neste projeto da ferrovia de 1864:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como a pol\u00edtica do s\u00e9culo 19 influenciou a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos data centers hoje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/2e752338f099ee083f5907822d285dbe.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Um exemplo desse tipo de vizinhan\u00e7a \u00e9 o principal teleporto da EchoStar em Cheyenne, Wyoming. A EchoStar opera 25 sat\u00e9lites geoestacion\u00e1rios para transmitir conte\u00fado e filmes. Eles compraram um grande peda\u00e7o de terra ao lado da faixa de desapropria\u00e7\u00e3o da Union Pacific, o que lhes permitiu se conectar diretamente aos cabos \u00f3pticos transcontinentais enterrados perto da ferrovia.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na imagem abaixo, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel ver claramente a linha que separa os limites da propriedade da EchoStar, onde o limite norte coincide com a borda da faixa de desapropria\u00e7\u00e3o da Union Pacific.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como a pol\u00edtica do s\u00e9culo 19 influenciou a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos data centers hoje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/8a45984c235619549e09d9178d72d1e1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Outro exemplo dessa vizinhan\u00e7a s\u00e3o os data centers da Microsoft e do centro de supercomputa\u00e7\u00e3o NCAR em Wyoming. Ambos est\u00e3o localizados a menos de um quil\u00f4metro da ferrovia da Union Pacific:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como a pol\u00edtica do s\u00e9culo 19 influenciou a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos data centers hoje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/add54f6a250dfacc366492ebf96e285c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>E por que a ferrovia foi constru\u00edda ao longo da 41\u00aa paralela, de Iowa at\u00e9 a Calif\u00f3rnia?<br \/>\nDesde 1853, os EUA realizaram <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Railroad_Surveys\">sondagens<\/a><\/noindex> para descobrir a melhor rota para a nova ferrovia \u2014 ao longo das paralelas 47, 39, 35 e 32. Em 1859, o secret\u00e1rio de Guerra dos EUA, Jefferson Davis, apoiou decisivamente a rota sul de Nova Orleans a San Diego \u2014 era mais curta, n\u00e3o havia montanhas altas a serem superadas no caminho e n\u00e3o havia nevascas que aumentariam os custos de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da nova ferrovia. Mas na d\u00e9cada de 1850, nenhum congressista dos estados do norte votaria a favor da rota sul, que beneficiaria a economia escravagista da Confedera\u00e7\u00e3o, e nenhum congressista dos estados do sul votaria a favor da rota norte. Essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o de impasse perdurou at\u00e9 o in\u00edcio da Guerra Civil nos EUA. Quando os estados do sul se separaram da Uni\u00e3o em 1861, os pol\u00edticos remanescentes do norte rapidamente votaram a favor da Lei das Ferrovias de 1862, que estabeleceu a cidade de Council Bluffs, Iowa, como o ponto de partida da ferrovia transcontinental e sua rota \u2014 de oeste a leste ao longo da paralela 41.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Por que Council Bluffs? Havia muitas cidades competindo pelo direito a esse privil\u00e9gio. Mas foi Council Bluffs que foi escolhida, pois o vale do rio Platte a oeste da cidade subia suavemente at\u00e9 as Montanhas Rochosas, oferecendo uma fonte conveniente de \u00e1gua para locomotivas a vapor. A mesma \u00e1gua \u00e9 agora utilizada para <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adiabatic_process#Adiabatic_heating_and_cooling\">resfriamento adiab\u00e1tico<\/a><\/noindex> de modernos centros de dados ao longo dessa rota.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ap\u00f3s a conclus\u00e3o da constru\u00e7\u00e3o da primeira ferrovia, a Western Union imediatamente estabeleceu o primeiro corredor de telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es na faixa de servid\u00e3o da ferrovia, e logo come\u00e7ou a transmitir todas as telegramas de uma extremidade do continente \u00e0 outra. Mais tarde, quando a AT&amp;T construiu linhas telef\u00f4nicas interurbanas no in\u00edcio do s\u00e9culo XX, elas tamb\u00e9m foram constru\u00eddas ao longo dessa ferrovia. Essas autoestradas cresceram e se expandiram at\u00e9 se tornarem um imenso aglomerado de rodovias de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o que existe nesta faixa de terra hoje.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 assim que decis\u00f5es pol\u00edticas tomadas h\u00e1 mais de 150 anos determinaram hoje o local de investimento de bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares em modernos centros de dados.<\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/464409\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0423\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438! \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041b\u0421. \u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e, Google \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u0442-\u041b\u0435\u0439\u043a \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u042e\u0442\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0426\u041e\u0414, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a Microsoft, Facebook, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0423\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438! 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