{"id":37655,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","slug":"live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","title":{"rendered":"O Live CD do Knoppix parou de usar systemd ap\u00f3s 4 anos.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ap\u00f3s quatro anos de uso do systemd, a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Knoppix baseada no Debian removeu o pol\u00eamico sistema de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/i><\/p>\n

Neste domingo (18 de agosto *<\/b>) foi lan\u00e7ada a vers\u00e3o 8.6 da popular distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Linux Knoppix, baseada no Debian. O lan\u00e7amento \u00e9 baseado na vers\u00e3o do Debian 10 (Buster) lan\u00e7ada em 9 de julho, com v\u00e1rios pacotes das branches testing e unstable para garantir suporte a novas placas de v\u00eddeo. Knoppix \u00e9 uma das primeiras distribui\u00e7\u00f5es live-CD de Linux e continua a ser muito popular entre os entusiastas.<\/p>\n

O lan\u00e7amento do Knoppix 8.6 \u2014 a primeira vers\u00e3o p\u00fablica da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o que abandonou o systemd, um sistema de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o desenvolvido por Lennart Poettering na Red Hat, destinado a substituir o sysvinit. Enquanto a adapta\u00e7\u00e3o do systemd gerou controv\u00e9rsias e cr\u00edticas, atualmente o systemd \u00e9 a escolha padr\u00e3o na ind\u00fastria. \u00c9 utilizado na base do Knoppix \u2014 Debian; RHEL, CentOS e Fedora; openSUSE e SLES, assim como em Mageia e Arch.<\/p>\n

As insatisfa\u00e7\u00f5es em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao systemd est\u00e3o principalmente ligadas \u00e0 excessiva funcionalidade que a subsistema assume, pois o projeto n\u00e3o se alinha \u00e0 filosofia central do Unix 'fa\u00e7a uma coisa e fa\u00e7a-a bem'. Outros aspectos, como logs em formato bin\u00e1rio (diferente de logs de texto leg\u00edveis por humanos), tamb\u00e9m geram cr\u00edticas.<\/p>\n

A primeira vers\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica do Knoppix que removeu o systemd foi a 8.5; no entanto, essa vers\u00e3o foi distribu\u00edda exclusivamente com as vers\u00f5es impressas da Linux Magazine Germany anteriormente neste ano e n\u00e3o estava dispon\u00edvel para download p\u00fablico. O criador do Knoppix, Klaus Knopper, escreveu brevemente sobre a decis\u00e3o de remover o systemd nesta vers\u00e3o (tradu\u00e7\u00e3o do alem\u00e3o, links adicionados para contexto):<\/p>\n

Ainda \u00e9 um projeto controverso o startup systemd, que recentemente causou alvoro\u00e7o devido a vulnerabilidades de seguran\u00e7a<\/a>, foi integrado ao Debian a partir da vers\u00e3o 8.0 (Jessie) e foi removido a partir do lan\u00e7amento do Knoppix 8.5. Eu contornei as r\u00edgidas depend\u00eancias do sistema de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o com meus pr\u00f3prios pacotes (patches) *<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Para manter um gerenciamento de sess\u00e3o semelhante ao systemd, e assim preservar a capacidade de desligar e reiniciar o sistema a partir de um usu\u00e1rio comum, eu utilizei o gerenciador de sess\u00f5es elogind. Isso evitou a interven\u00e7\u00e3o do systemd em muitos componentes do sistema e diminuiu a complexidade do sistema como um todo. Se voc\u00ea precisa iniciar seus pr\u00f3prios servi\u00e7os na inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o precisa criar unidades do systemd, basta listar seus servi\u00e7os em um arquivo de texto \/etc\/rc.local que cont\u00e9m exemplos com explica\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

O Knoppix utilizou o systemd de 2014 a 2019, tornando-se o segundo em uma lista muito curta de distribui\u00e7\u00f5es que integraram e depois abandonaram o systemd \u2014 a Void Linux \u00e9 a primeira dessa lista. Tamb\u00e9m em 2016, um fork do Debian foi criado \u2014 o Devuan, fundado em torno da filosofia livre de systemd. Existe um fork semelhante do Arch Linux \u2014 o Artix, que utiliza o openRC. *<\/b>)<\/p>\n

O Knoppix tamb\u00e9m vem com um sistema para pessoas com defici\u00eancias, o ADRIANE (Audio Desktop Reference Implementation And Networking Environment), que \u00e9 um 'sistema de menu falante, cujo objetivo \u00e9 facilitar o trabalho e o acesso \u00e0 internet para novatos em inform\u00e1tica, mesmo que eles n\u00e3o tenham contato visual com a tela do computador', e opcionalmente inclui um sistema de lupa de tela baseado no Compiz.<\/p>\n

* \u2014 nota do tradutor<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Knoppix \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 live-CD […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47 O Live Distro Knoppix abandonou o systemd ap\u00f3s 4 anos de uso. | ProHoster","description":"Ap\u00f3s quatro anos de uso do systemd, a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Knoppix, baseada no Debian, removou o pol\u00eamico sistema de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o. 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