{"id":37708,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/frejmvork-dlya-napisaniya-zashhishhyonnyh-drajverov-dlya-yadra-linux-na-yazyke-rust\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:14","slug":"frejmvork-dlya-napisaniya-zashhishhyonnyh-drajverov-dlya-yadra-linux-na-yazyke-rust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/frejmvork-dlya-napisaniya-zashhishhyonnyh-drajverov-dlya-yadra-linux-na-yazyke-rust","title":{"rendered":"Um framework para escrever drivers seguros para o n\u00facleo do Linux na linguagem Rust","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Josh Triplett, que trabalha na Intel e faz parte do comit\u00ea respons\u00e1vel pelo desenvolvimento do Crates.io, em sua apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o na confer\u00eancia Open Source Technology Summit apresentou<\/a><\/noindex> um grupo de trabalho focado em levar a linguagem Rust a paridade com a linguagem C na \u00e1rea de programa\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas. <\/p>\n

Em um grupo de trabalho em processo de cria\u00e7\u00e3o, desenvolvedores do Rust est\u00e3o preparando, em conjunto com engenheiros da Intel, especifica\u00e7\u00f5es que definem a funcionalidade a ser implementada no Rust para programa\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas. A programa\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas muitas vezes requer manipula\u00e7\u00f5es de baixo n\u00edvel, como a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de instru\u00e7\u00f5es privilegiadas do processador e a obten\u00e7\u00e3o de detalhes sobre o estado do processador. Entre as funcionalidades j\u00e1 em desenvolvimento para o Rust, destaca-se o suporte a estruturas n\u00e3o nomeadas, uni\u00f5es (union), inser\u00e7\u00f5es de assembly (macro \"asm!\") e o formato de n\u00fameros de ponto flutuante BFLOAT16.<\/p>\n

Josh acredita que o futuro da programa\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas \u00e9 o Rust, e a linguagem C, nas realidades atuais, busca o lugar que anteriormente era ocupado pelo Assembly. Rust
\nn\u00e3o s\u00f3 livra os desenvolvedores dos problemas inerentes \u00e0 linguagem C que surgem devido ao trabalho de baixo n\u00edvel com a mem\u00f3ria, mas tamb\u00e9m oferece a possibilidade de aplicar paradigmas de programa\u00e7\u00e3o modernos.<\/p>\n

Durante a discuss\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> da apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o
\nJosh prop\u00f4s adicionar ao kernel do Linux a capacidade de desenvolver drivers na linguagem Rust, o que permitir\u00e1 criar drivers seguros e de maior qualidade com o m\u00ednimo de esfor\u00e7o, isentos de problemas como acesso \u00e0 mem\u00f3ria ap\u00f3s sua libera\u00e7\u00e3o, desreferenciamento de ponteiros nulos e estouros de buffer. <\/p>\n

Greg Kroah-Hartman, respons\u00e1vel pelo suporte \u00e0 vers\u00e3o est\u00e1vel do kernel Linux, expressou sua disposi\u00e7\u00e3o de adicionar ao kernel um framework para desenvolvimento de drivers na linguagem Rust, caso ele ofere\u00e7a reais vantagens em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com C, como fornecer wrappers seguros sobre a API do kernel. Al\u00e9m disso, Greg v\u00ea esse framework apenas como uma op\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o ativada por padr\u00e3o, para n\u00e3o incluir o Rust entre as depend\u00eancias de compila\u00e7\u00e3o do kernel.<\/p>\n

Descobriu-se que v\u00e1rias equipes j\u00e1 est\u00e3o trabalhando nessa dire\u00e7\u00e3o. Por exemplo, desenvolvedores da empresa \"Fish in a Barrel\". prepararam<\/a><\/noindex> ferramentas para escrever m\u00f3dulos carreg\u00e1veis para o n\u00facleo Linux na linguagem Rust, utilizando um conjunto de camadas abstratas sobre as interfaces e estruturas do n\u00facleo para aumentar a seguran\u00e7a. As camadas s\u00e3o geradas automaticamente com base nos arquivos de cabe\u00e7alho existentes do n\u00facleo utilizando a ferramenta bindgen<\/a><\/noindex>. Para compilar as camadas, \u00e9 utilizado o Clang. Os m\u00f3dulos compilados al\u00e9m das camadas utilizam o pacote staticlib.<\/p>\n

Simultaneamente est\u00e1 em desenvolvimento<\/a><\/noindex> Outro projeto, focado no desenvolvimento de drivers para sistemas embarcados e dispositivos de internet das coisas, que tamb\u00e9m utiliza bindgen para gerar camadas com base em arquivos de cabe\u00e7alho do kernel. O framework permite aumentar a seguran\u00e7a dos drivers sem fazer altera\u00e7\u00f5es no kernel \u2014 em vez de criar n\u00edveis adicionais de isolamento para os drivers no kernel, prop\u00f5e-se bloquear problemas na fase de compila\u00e7\u00e3o, utilizando uma linguagem mais segura como o Rust. Esse tipo de abordagem pode ser bem recebida por fabricantes de hardware que desenvolvem drivers propriet\u00e1rios rapidamente, sem a devida auditoria.<\/p>\n

Nem toda a funcionalidade planejada foi implementada at\u00e9 agora, mas o framework j\u00e1 \u00e9 bastante utiliz\u00e1vel e foi usado para escrever um driver funcional para o controlador Ethernet LAN9512 USB, fornecido na placa Raspberry Pi 3. Como implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de refer\u00eancia na escrita do driver em Rust, foi utilizado um driver existente smsc95xx, escrito em C. Destaca-se que o tamanho do m\u00f3dulo e os custos indiretos de componentes de tempo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o ao desenvolver o driver em Rust s\u00e3o insignificantes, permitindo a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o do framework em dispositivos com recursos limitados.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u0436\u043e\u0448 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0442 (Josh Triplett), \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Intel \u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 Crates.io, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 Open Source Technology Summit \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u0434\u043e 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