{"id":37750,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","slug":"distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","title":{"rendered":"Distri \u2014 distribui\u00e7\u00e3o para teste de tecnologias de gerenciamento r\u00e1pido de pacotes","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Michael Stapelberg, autor do gerenciador de janelas em mosaico i3wm e ex-desenvolvedor ativo do Debian (respons\u00e1vel por cerca de 170 pacotes), um servi\u00e7o VPN pago, tamb\u00e9m foi dado acesso aos engenheiros da Mozilla a outras tecnologias do ProtonVPN para auditoria. \u00c9 destacado que o pr\u00f3ximo passo ser\u00e1 tornar p\u00fablicos os demais aplicativos do ProtonVPN.<\/a><\/noindex> distribui\u00e7\u00e3o experimental distri<\/a><\/noindex> e o gerenciador de pacotes hom\u00f4nimo. O projeto \u00e9 posicionado como uma pesquisa sobre poss\u00edveis caminhos para aumentar o desempenho dos sistemas de gerenciamento de pacotes e incorpora algumas novas ideias sobre a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de distribui\u00e7\u00f5es. O c\u00f3digo do gerenciador de pacotes \u00e9 escrito em Go e \u00e9 distribu\u00eddo<\/a><\/noindex> sob a licen\u00e7a BSD.<\/p>\n

Uma caracter\u00edstica fundamental do formato de pacotes proposto na distribui\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a entrega do pacote na forma de imagens SquashFS, em vez de arquivos tar compactados. O uso do SquashFS, semelhante aos formatos AppImage e Snap, permite 'montar' o pacote sem a necessidade de descompacta\u00e7\u00e3o, economizando espa\u00e7o em disco, permitindo altera\u00e7\u00f5es at\u00f4micas e tornando o conte\u00fado do pacote instantaneamente acess\u00edvel. Assim, os pacotes distri, assim como no formato cl\u00e1ssico 'deb', cont\u00eam apenas componentes individuais, relacionados por depend\u00eancias com outros pacotes (as bibliotecas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o duplicadas nos pacotes, mas instaladas como depend\u00eancias). Em outras palavras, o distri tenta combinar a estrutura de pacotes granulares de distribui\u00e7\u00f5es cl\u00e1ssicas, como Debian, com m\u00e9todos de entrega de aplicativos na forma de cont\u00eaineres mont\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n

Cada pacote no distri \u00e9 montado em seu pr\u00f3prio diret\u00f3rio em modo somente leitura (por exemplo, o pacote com zsh est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel como '\/ro\/zsh-amd64-5.6.2-3'), o que melhora a seguran\u00e7a e protege contra altera\u00e7\u00f5es acidentais ou maliciosas. Para formar uma hierarquia de diret\u00f3rios de sistema, como \/usr\/bin, \/usr\/share e \/usr\/lib, \u00e9 utilizado um m\u00f3dulo FUSE especial que combina o conte\u00fado de todas as imagens SquashFS instaladas em um todo (por exemplo, o diret\u00f3rio \/ro\/share fornece acesso aos subdiret\u00f3rios share de todos os pacotes). <\/p>\n

Pacotes<\/a><\/noindex> no distri s\u00e3o essencialmente livres<\/a><\/noindex> de manipuladores acionados durante a instala\u00e7\u00e3o (sem hooks e triggers), e diferentes vers\u00f5es do pacote podem coexistir umas com as outras, tornando poss\u00edvel a instala\u00e7\u00e3o paralela de pacotes. A estrutura proposta limita o desempenho do gerenciador de pacotes apenas \u00e0 largura de banda da rede pela qual os pacotes s\u00e3o baixados. A instala\u00e7\u00e3o ou atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o diretamente do pacote \u00e9 feita de forma at\u00f4mica e n\u00e3o requer duplica\u00e7\u00e3o de conte\u00fado. <\/p>\n

Conflitos na instala\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes s\u00e3o exclu\u00eddos, pois cada pacote est\u00e1 vinculado ao seu pr\u00f3prio diret\u00f3rio, e o sistema permite a presen\u00e7a de diferentes vers\u00f5es de um pacote (o conte\u00fado do diret\u00f3rio com a revis\u00e3o mais recente do pacote \u00e9 inclu\u00eddo nos diret\u00f3rios agregados). A constru\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 feita muito rapidamente e n\u00e3o requer a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes em um ambiente de constru\u00e7\u00e3o separado (no ambiente de constru\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 criada uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o das depend\u00eancias necess\u00e1rias a partir do diret\u00f3rio \/ro).<\/p>\n

Suportados<\/a><\/noindex> Comandos padr\u00e3o de gerenciamento de pacotes, como 'distri install' e 'distri update', e para comandos informativos, pode-se utilizar a ferramenta padr\u00e3o 'ls' (por exemplo, para visualizar pacotes instalados, basta listar os diret\u00f3rios na hierarquia '\/ro', e para descobrir de qual pacote um arquivo pertence, verificar para onde o link deste arquivo aponta).<\/p>\n

O prot\u00f3tipo de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o proposto para experimentos inclui cerca de 1700 pacotes<\/a><\/noindex> e prontos imagens de instala\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> com instalador, adequados tanto para instala\u00e7\u00e3o como sistema operacional principal quanto para execu\u00e7\u00e3o em QEMU, Docker, Google Cloud e VirtualBox. \u00c9 suportada a inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o a partir de uma parti\u00e7\u00e3o de disco criptografada e um conjunto padr\u00e3o de aplicativos para criar uma \u00e1rea de trabalho com o gerenciador de janelas i3 (o Google Chrome \u00e9 sugerido como navegador). \u00c9 fornecido<\/a><\/noindex> um conjunto completo de ferramentas para constru\u00e7\u00e3o de distribui\u00e7\u00f5es, prepara\u00e7\u00e3o e forma\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes, distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes por espelhos, etc.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 (Michael Stapelberg), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 i3wm \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a Debian (\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 170 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 distri \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 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\u2014 distribui\u00e7\u00e3o para teste de tecnologias de gerenciamento r\u00e1pido de pacotes | ProHoster","description":"Michael Stapelberg, autor do gerenciador de janelas em mosaico i3wm e ex-desenvolvedor ativo do Debian (respons\u00e1vel por cerca de 170 pacotes),","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"pt_PT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Distri \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 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