{"id":38608,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:51","slug":"vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov","title":{"rendered":"O Tempo dos Primeiros. A Hist\u00f3ria de Como Implementamos o Scratch como Linguagem de Programa\u00e7\u00e3o de Rob\u00f4s","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ao olhar para a atual diversidade da rob\u00f3tica educacional, \u00e9 animador ver que as crian\u00e7as t\u00eam acesso a uma enorme variedade de kits e produtos prontos, e que a barreira de entrada para os fundamentos da programa\u00e7\u00e3o foi bastante reduzida (at\u00e9 mesmo para a educa\u00e7\u00e3o infantil). Existe uma tend\u00eancia em massa de introduzir inicialmente a programa\u00e7\u00e3o modular, seguindo para linguagens mais avan\u00e7adas. No entanto, essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o nem sempre foi assim.<\/p>\n

\"O
\n
\nEntre 2009 e 2010, a R\u00fassia come\u00e7ou a se familiarizar em massa com o Arduino e o Scratch. A eletr\u00f4nica acess\u00edvel e a programa\u00e7\u00e3o come\u00e7aram a conquistar a mente tanto de entusiastas quanto de educadores, e a ideia de unir tudo isso j\u00e1 estava circulando (embora parcialmente realizada) no espa\u00e7o infogr\u00e1fico global.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNa verdade, o Scratch, na vers\u00e3o 1.4 que foi lan\u00e7ada na \u00e9poca, j\u00e1 tinha suporte para hardware externo. Ele inclu\u00eda suporte para o Lego WeDo (blocos de motor) e placa PicoBoard.<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Mas quer\u00edamos Arduino e rob\u00f4s baseados nele, de prefer\u00eancia funcionando na vers\u00e3o b\u00e1sica. Na mesma \u00e9poca, um dos usu\u00e1rios japoneses do Arduino desenvolveu uma maneira de combinar as plataformas e disponibilizou os esquemas (embora n\u00e3o todos, e tivemos que 'completar' algumas partes) e as vers\u00f5es de firmware para acesso p\u00fablico (infelizmente, n\u00e3o em ingl\u00eas). Com base nesse projeto, em 2010 nasceu o ScratchDuino (naquele tempo, eu trabalhava na empresa LinuxCenter junto com minha esposa).<\/p>\n

A ideia de um 'cartucho intercambi\u00e1vel' (n\u00e3o lembra o Micro:bit?), suportes magn\u00e9ticos para componentes do rob\u00f4 e o uso das capacidades integradas do Scratch em termos de processamento de sensores e controle de motores.<\/p>\n

\"O
\n
\n\"O
\n
\nO rob\u00f4 foi inicialmente concebido como compat\u00edvel com Lego:<\/p>\n

\"O
\n
\nEm 2011, a plataforma foi apresentada e (ap\u00f3s eu e minha esposa deixarmos o projeto em 2013) continua a viver e a se desenvolver hoje sob o nome ROBBO.<\/p>\n

\"O
\n
\nAlgu\u00e9m pode argumentar que havia projetos semelhantes. Sim, por volta dessa mesma \u00e9poca, o projeto S4A come\u00e7ou a se desenvolver, mas estava focado na programa\u00e7\u00e3o no estilo Arduino (com suas sa\u00eddas digitais e anal\u00f3gicas) a partir de uma vers\u00e3o modificada do Scratch, enquanto meu desenvolvimento poderia funcionar com a vers\u00e3o 'vanilla' (embora n\u00f3s tamb\u00e9m a tenhamos modificado para exibir blocos especificamente para sensores de 1 a 4).<\/p>\n

Depois, surgiu o Scratch 2.0 e, com ele, come\u00e7aram a aparecer plugins tanto para Arduino quanto para rob\u00f4s populares, enquanto o Scratch 3.0 suporta uma grande quantidade de plataformas de rob\u00f4 diretamente.<\/p>\n

Blockly.<\/b> Se voc\u00ea olhar para os rob\u00f4s populares, como o MBot (que, ali\u00e1s, inicialmente tamb\u00e9m usava uma vers\u00e3o alterada do Scratch), ver\u00e1 que eles s\u00e3o programados em uma linguagem de blocos, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 Scratch, e sim um Blockly modificado do Google. N\u00e3o sei se meu trabalho influenciou seu desenvolvimento, mas posso dizer com certeza que, quando mostramos a plataforma Scratchduino aos desenvolvedores do Blockly em 2013, os rob\u00f4s ainda n\u00e3o eram uma preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

\"O
\n
\nAgora, as modifica\u00e7\u00f5es do Blockly est\u00e3o na base de v\u00e1rios kits de rob\u00f3tica e rob\u00f4s educacionais, e essa \u00e9 uma outra hist\u00f3ria, pois, recentemente, surgiu (e tamb\u00e9m desapareceu) um enorme n\u00famero de projetos, tanto na R\u00fassia quanto no mundo. Mas na R\u00fassia, n\u00f3s fomos os pioneiros na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do Scratch e na \u2018disputa\u2019 com a Lego \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

O que aconteceu ap\u00f3s 2013. Eu e minha esposa fundamos nosso projeto PROSTOROBOT (tamb\u00e9m conhecido como SIMPLEROBOT) em 2014 e nos voltamos para o desenvolvimento de jogos de tabuleiro. Mas o Scratch continua nos acompanhando.<\/p>\n

Temos desenvolvimentos interessantes na modelagem de rob\u00f4s no Scratch e em seu descendente Snap!
\nVoc\u00ea pode baixar e usar livremente o arquivo PDF com a descri\u00e7\u00e3o no link<\/a><\/noindex>, e os projetos prontos encontr\u00e1-los aqui<\/a><\/noindex>. Tudo funciona tamb\u00e9m na vers\u00e3o 3 do Scratch.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, voltamos a programar rob\u00f4s no Scratch no nosso novo jogo educacional de tabuleiro \u201cBatalha dos Golems. Liga de Cartas dos Parobots\u201d e ficaremos felizes se voc\u00ea apoiar sua publica\u00e7\u00e3o no Crowdrepublic<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"O
\n
\nQuando voc\u00ea est\u00e1 nas ra\u00edzes de algo e \u2018sente\u2019 as tend\u00eancias antes de elas se tornarem populares, \u00e9 uma alegria saber que voc\u00ea foi o primeiro e criou, de fato, um mercado, mas \u00e9 triste que a gl\u00f3ria do vencedor n\u00e3o tenha ca\u00eddo sobre voc\u00ea. Mas posso afirmar com orgulho que a fus\u00e3o de Scratch e Arduino na rob\u00f3tica na R\u00fassia surgiu gra\u00e7as aos meus esfor\u00e7os.
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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